This paper develops a stochastic learning model in which agents choose a limited number of partners to play size-dependent minimum-effort games. The payoff for each agent in this interaction depends on the minimum of the efforts of her partners and herself, and is increasing with the size of her interaction neighborhood. We show that when agents interact with everyone with whom they have a link, whoever forms it, coordination on the lowest effort is (uniquely) selected in the long run.
Aiming at the settlement of super large bridge for passenger dedicated railway,the calibration method of chaotic behavior was put out.The nonlinear theory and chaotic time sequence method were used,and the settlement prediction model of super large bridge for passenger dedicated railway was set up.Based on embedding theory,the settlement time sequence of super large bridge was reconstructed.Through calculating the values of correlation dimension,Kolmogorov entropy and maximum Lyapunov exponent,the chaotic behavior characteristic of time sequence was verified.The piers A and B of a super large bridge for Shijiazhuang-Wuhan Passenger Dedicated Railway were taken as examples,and the settlements were calculated.Calculation result shows that by using the settlement prediction model,the maximum settlement of pier A is 0.072 5 mm,and the minimum settlement of pier A is 0.020 1 mm.The maximum settlement of pier B is 0.069 7 mm,the minimum settlement of pier B is 0.030 4 mm,and the errors between prediction values and actual values are less than ±0.005 0 mm.So the prediction model is effective,and the prediction results meet the technical requirement of bridge settlement deformation monitoring.
Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel integral, the analytical expressions for the Wigner distribution function (WDF) and kurtosis parameter of partially coherent flat-topped vortex (PCFTV) beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence and free space are derived. The WDF and kurtosis parameter of PCFTV beams through turbulent atmosphere are discussed with numerical examples. The numerical results show that the beam quality depends on the structure constants, the inner scale turbulence, the outer scale turbulence, the spatial correlation length, the wave length and the beam order. PCFTV beams are less affected by turbulence than partially flat-topped coherent (PCFT) beams under the same conditions, and will be useful in free-space optical communications.
In Behavioral Asset Pricing Model(BAPM),the cost of stock equity capital relates to the behaviorβ.In non-effective market,the cost of stock equity capital is jointly decided by non-risky interest rate,market investment portfolio, behaviorβand market risk premium.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)