Abstract Clinical features, 8 histological variables, 7 nuclear morphometric variables, 2 mitotic indices, oestrogen‐receptor (ER) and progesterone‐receptor content (PR), DNA ploidy and S‐phase fraction (SPF) were entered in a Cox's model to assess their independent predictive value in 216 breast‐cancer patients followed up for over 9 years. In the whole series, histological type ( p = 0.007), volume‐corrected mitotic index (M/V index) ( p = 0.01), axillary‐lymph‐node (pN) status ( p = 0.024) and the year of treatment (p = 0.045) predicted independently the recurrence‐free survival (RFS). In a sub‐analysis including SPF (n = 148), the year of treatment ( p = 0.003), tumour diameter ( p = 0.004), SPF ( p = 0.022) and nuclear pleomorphism ( p = 0.056) independently predicted the RFS. In a Cox's analysis of the whole series, tumour diameter ( p < 0.001), pN status ( p = 0.001), PR status ( p = 0.002) and the year of treatment ( p = 0.021) were independent predictors of survival. In a separate analysis including also SPF (n = 148), tumour diameter ( p < 0.001), SPF ( p = 0.003), pN status ( p = 0.008) and the year of treatment ( p = 0.015) proved to be independent prognostic factors. The results show that tumour diameter, pN status, M/V‐index, histological type, SPF and PR status comprise a sufficient combination of prognostic factors in female breast cancer. In pN patients, age and SDPE may be of additional prognostic significance. The prognostic scores combining the independent prognostic variables reflecting both the proliferative rate and metastatic potential of the tumours are accurate predictors of the RFS and overall survival.
The presence of inflammation in decidual and myometrial samples as defined by histopathologic examination and the association between the myometrial inflammation and different maternal infectious morbidity and labor-related clinical variables were evaluated in 648 consecutive women who underwent cesarean section at various gestational periods. Altogether, 1,205 histologic (559 decidual and 646 myometrial) samples were studied.
A 64-year-old Finnish man was admitted to hospital because of abdominal pain and macroscopic haematuria. The pain, located in the right upper quadrant, had been continuous for 48 h. On physical examination, the findings of pulmonary and cardiac auscultation were normal. No peripheral oedema, skin rash or neurological signs were observed. His abdomen was soft, but tender, on the upper right quadrant. Findings of rectal palpation, bowel sounds and chest radiograph were normal. The body temperature was 37.8°C, and blood pressure was 146/96 mmHg. The medical records revealed a diagnosis of asthma 15 years earlier and a nasal polypectomy 2 years earlier.
The laboratory results showed elevated plasma C reactive protein (80–230 mg/l) and creatinine (267 μmol/l). Haemoglobin level (146 g/l) was normal, but a blood count indicated leucocytosis (14.0×109/l). Blood eosinophil count was elevated (0.50×109/l; normal range 0.05×109/l to 0.44×109/l). Platelet and erythrocyte counts were in the normal range (237×109/l and 4.8×1012/l, respectively). Liver function tests (plasma aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin) and plasma amylase level were also normal. Serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody titre and anti-proteinase 3 antibodies were in the normal range. However, serum perinuclear-staining anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody titre was slightly elevated (320) together with substantially elevated serum antibodies for myeloperoxide (150 EU; normal range <10 EU) and serum IgE (658 kU/l; normal range <100 kU/l). Urine …
Continuous topical administration of dithranol and butantrone for 6 months caused different irritation profiles in miniature swim. In paraffin wax sticks in while petrolatum, bulantrune gave rise to much less initial irritation than dithranol. but alter 2 3 weeks the situation had equalized. In gel formulations, butantrone was initially more irritant than dithranol. The vehicles themselves induced significant irritation, Signs of skin hyperplasia (parakeratosis and acanthosis) and inflammation were frequent histopathological finding at the end of the study. but no malignant changes were found. Ditlranol and butantronc did not produce any chemical hematological or serious histological abnonmalities during list treatment, suggesting a lack of systemic toxicity. No evidence of systemic absorption was Found. This long‐term study did not predict delayed irritation of butantrone observed in about % of the psoriatic patients after treatment for 1–2 months.
Recently the increasing prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases, including neoplasm, has resulted in the necessity of characterising not only the tumours, but also healthy mucosa. Research into the morphological changes of healthy mucosa under different experimental conditions, including drugs, special diets and the use of probiotic bacteria, is greatly facilitated by the availability of animal models. In spite of the widespread use of mice in gastrointestinal research, there is a lack of information on the qualitative and quantitative histological characteristics of the intestinal mucosa of the mouse. The aim of this study was to assess the morphological characteristics and the postnatal development of the small intestine of wild type mice -- C57BL/6J. The mice were aged either 5 weeks or 12 weeks. The 12-week-old mice had been weaned at the age of 5 weeks. After dissection the small intestine was divided into 5 equal portions and randomly chosen microscopical sections from each were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The parameters describing the morphology of the small intestine (villus height, depth of the crypt, villus width near the crypt, width of the villus connective tissue near the crypt, thickness of the muscular layer and the height of the enterocytes and their nuclei) were evaluated under a light microscope. In both age groups the height and width of the villi decreased, while the thickness of the muscular layer increased in the distal direction. The height of the enterocytes decreased and the height of the enterocyte nucleus increased towards the colon in both age groups. The depth of the crypts was greater in the younger animals than in the older ones. Our data provides the baseline morphological description of the small intestinal mucosa in wild type mice, strain C57BL/6J, which can be used as a reference for testing the influence of drugs, toxins, nutrients and inborn mutations on the mouse intestine.
Previous genome-wide association studies among women of European ancestry identified two independent breast cancer susceptibility loci represented by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs13281615 and rs11780156 at 8q24. A fine-mapping study across 2.06 Mb (chr8:127,561,724-129,624,067, hg19) in 55,540 breast cancer cases and 51,168 controls within the Breast Cancer Association Consortium was conducted. Three additional independent association signals in women of European ancestry, represented by rs35961416 (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93-0.97, conditional p = 5.8 × 10(-6) ), rs7815245 (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91-0.96, conditional p = 1.1 × 10(-6) ) and rs2033101 (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02-1.07, conditional p = 1.1 × 10(-4) ) were found. Integrative analysis using functional genomic data from the Roadmap Epigenomics, the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project, the Cancer Genome Atlas and other public resources implied that SNPs rs7815245 in Signal 3, and rs1121948 in Signal 5 (in linkage disequilibrium with rs11780156, r(2) = 0.77), were putatively functional variants for two of the five independent association signals. The results highlighted multiple 8q24 variants associated with breast cancer susceptibility in women of European ancestry.
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