한국산 옻나무의 메탄올추출물과 유기용매 분획의 항산화 효과를 조사하였다. 항산화 효과는 수소공여 억제능,과산화지질 형성 억제능, xanthine oxidase 저해 활성과 아질산염 소거능으로 측정한 결과, ethyl acetate 분획이 가장 뛰어난 효과를 나타내었다. 이 분획의 생리활성 물질을 분리하기 위하여, rotatory locular counter current chromatography(RLCCC), Sephadex LH-20 column chromatograpy와 HPLC등의 방법을 사용하여, 1,2,3-thihydroxybenzene, methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid를 분리하였다. 이중 methyl3,4,5,-trihydroxybenzoate는 butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA)이나 butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT)보다도 강한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 세포독성 실험에서는 이들 물질들이 암세포주에 대하여 활성이 높지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate은 뛰어난 항산화 효과를 지닌 식품첨가물로서의 이용 가능성을 제시할 수 있다.
상추의 생산단계에서의 잔류허용기준 설정과 최종 소비단계에서의 안전성 평가자료로 활용하기 위하여 지금까지 상추수확물에서의 잔류수준과 검출빈도가 높은 것으로 알려진 살충제 chlorpyrifos 및 살균제 procymidone의 포장상태에서의 생물학적 반감기, 보관상태에 따른 잔류량 변화 그리고 세척형태에 따른 제거율을 조사하였다. 시설재배포장에서 상추중 두 약제의 살포농도별 생물학적 반감기를 측정한 결과 기준량 살포의 경우 chlorpyrifos 1.2일 및 procymidone 1.3일, 배량살포의 경우에는 chlorpyrifos 1.5일 및 procymidone 2.6일로 나타났다. 유통과정중에서 일어날 수 있는 두 가지 농약의 잔류량 변화를 알아보기 위해서 실온(20℃) 및 냉장(4℃) 상태로 보관하면서 두 약제의 잔류량 변화를 조사한 결과 반감기는 실온저장시 chlorpyrifos 3.8일, procymidone 7.2일이었고, 냉장저장시에는 chlorpyrifos 12.4일, procymidone 20.9일로 나타나 두 약제 모두 실온저장보다 냉장저장시 잔류량의 감소가 훨씬 느린 것으로 나타났다. 세척방법에 의한 잔류농약의 감소량을 조사한 결과 세제 사용시의 평균 제거율은 chlorpyrifos 48.3%, procymidone 52.6%로 나타났고, 물 사용시에는 chlorpyrifos 31.3%, procymidone 38.1%로 나타났다.
This study was conducted to identify the residue patterns of fungicide boscalid in ginseng cultivated for 4 or 6 years treated by various spraying methods. The pesticide was sprayed separately on ginseng according to safe use guideline, and the field was divided into three groups and they were traditional, soil and vinyl mulching applications. The maximum residue amounts of boscalid were 0.76 mg/kg in traditional application group, 0.69 mg/kg in soil application group, 0.62 mg/kg in vinyl mulching application group in the whole part of 4 years old ginseng, respectively. These residue levels in ginseng exceeded the maximum residue limit established by Korea Food & Drug Administration, which is 0.3 mg/kg.
Pesticides persisted in soil environment may be subjected to the unexpected uptake by plant root. As these absorbed pesticides can result eventually in safety problems to agricultural products, it is required to predict the plant uptake extent of soil-persisting pesticides inadvance. One of the previous prediction methods is to assess the uptake extent using a mathematical model. When developing the plant uptake model of soil-persisting pesticides, adsorption and dissipation interactions between pesticides and soil may be parameters that play major roles in determining the uptake extent into plant. With considerations of parameters relative to these interactions, we developed a chemical-specific residue (CSR) model, Ce(t)=C0·(1/2)t/T/Kd, in order to predict the residual patterns of endosulfan isomers ( - and -) in soils containing different organic matter contents. The adsorption (Kd) and dissipation (T) parameters were obtained from indoor experiments, and the applicability of CSR model was assessed by comparing between experimental measurements and modeled estimates. The Kd and T values were significantly varied depending on organic matter contents in the tested soils. For the low organic matter-containing soil, the Kd and T values of the -isomer were 50.2 mL g-1 and 16 d, respectively; the values of the -isomer were 54.4 mL g-1 and 231 d, respectively. On the other hand, for the high organic matter-containing soil, the Kd values were 377.4 mL g-1 for the -isomer and 407.4 mL g-1 for the -isomer, and the T values for the - and -isomers were 139 and 347 d, respectively. Using these parameter values, the modeled values were in good agreement with the measured values with standard errors of less than 23.5%. Therefore, the developed CSR model may be used as a tool for predicting the residual amount of endosulfan in soil.
We tested and selected some agrochemicals reducing the occurrence of major pests and diseases during garlic storage. Tebuconazole, diphenylamine and prochloraz as fungicides and dimethate as a insecticide were sprayed or drenched before harvest. And the harvested garlic was dipped in each of the agrochemicals. The residues of pesticides in garlic bulbs treated were analyzed every month from harvesting time for 6 months. In case of Danyang garlic, which was treated with pesticides before and after harvesting, the residues of diphenylamine, tebuconazole, prochloraz, and dimethoate ranged from 0.008 to 0.28, from 0.03 to 0.32, from 0.02 to 0.12, and from 0.02 to 0.25 ㎎/㎏, respectively. In case of Uiseong garlic, the residues of diphenylamine, tebuconazole, prochloraz and dimethoate ranged from 0.008 to 0.09, from 0.08 to 0.45, from 0.02 to 0.57, and from 0.04 to 0.38 ㎎/㎏, respectively. And, in case of Namdo garlic, the residues of diphenylamine, tebuconazole, prochloraz, and dimethoate ranged from 0.008 to 0.52, from 0.07 to 1.67, from 0.02 to 0.17, and from 0.03 to 0.73 ㎎/㎏, respectively. Some of the garlic samples treated with tebuconazole exceeded its maximum residue limits (MRLs) of 0.1 ㎎/㎏ set by Korea Food Drug Administration (KFDA), but dimethoate was detected below its MRL of 1.0 ㎎/㎏. In case of diphenylamine and prochloraz, their MRLs for garlic were not set. Adapting their MRLs, 5.0 ㎎/㎏ of diphenylamine for apple and pear and 0.5 ㎎/㎏ of prochloraz for strawberry and grape, residue levels of diphenylamine and procloraz were below than their MRLs, with the exception of samples two times treated with procloraz in Namdo garlic. These results indicate that dimethoate can be used as an agrochemical to control the postharvest disease in garlic in only MRL aspect.
Multiprocessor system is efficient and high performance architecture to overcome a limitation of single core SoC. In this paper, we propose a multiprocessor SoC (MPSoC) architecture which provides the low complexity and the high performance. The dynamic routing scheme has a serious problem in which the complexity of routing increases exponentially. We solve this problem by making a cluster with several PEs (Processing Element). In inter-cluster network, we use deterministic routing scheme and in intra-cluster network, we use dynamic routing scheme. In order to control the hierarchical network, we propose efficient router architecture by using smart crossbar switch. We modeled 2-D mesh topology and used simulator based on C/C＋＋. The results of this routing scheme show that our approach has less complexity and improved throughput as compared with the pure deterministic routing architecture and the pure dynamic routing architecture.
Butachlor를 유제(乳劑)와 입제(粒劑)로 제제화(製劑化)할 때 화학적(化學的) 안정성(安定性)과 약효(藥效)에 영향(影響)을 미치는 요인(要因) 중(中) 수분(水分), pH, 담체(擔體), 유화제(乳化劑) 및 유기용제등(有機溶劑等)으로 제제조성(製劑組成)을 달리 했을 때와 자외선조사시(紫外線照射時)의 주성분(主成分) 경시변화(經時變化)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같았다. 제제형태(製劑形態)에 따른 경시변화율(經時變化率)은 암실보관시(暗室保管時)에는 제형(製形)에 상관(相關)없이 16시간(時間) 후(後)까지 안정(安定)하였으나 자외선조사시(紫外線照射時)에는 주성분(主成分) 분해율(分解率)이 유제(乳劑) > sand 피복입제(被覆粒劑) > zeolite 흡착입제(吸着粒劑)의 순(順)으로 나타났다. 물과 pH를 조절(調節)한 후(後)의 유탁액상태(乳濁液狀態)에서는 주성분(主成分)의 분해(分解)가 거의 일어나지 않았다. 유기용제(有機溶劑)로 유제(乳劑)를 조제(調劑)하여 에서 보관(保管)시킨 후(後)의 주성분(主成分) 분해율(分解率)은 극성유기용제(極性有機溶劑)인 benzene, xylene이 비극성유기용제(非極性有機溶劑)인 iso-propyl alcohol 보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 유화제(乳化劑)의 종류(種類)에 따른 주성분(主成分) 분해율(分解率)은 Tween 60이 Hy-620C 및 Newkalgen-MC에 비(比)해 높게 나타났다.
Adsorption experiments of N-methylcarbamate insecticides on soils were carried out as a function of soil pH and soil organic matter content with wet-and dry-land soils that were either oxidized or non-oxidized. The results obtained may be summarized as follows: The adsorption of N-methylcarbamate insecticides on soils was nearly reached to equilibrium after shaking for 12 hours. The adsorption of N-methylcarbamate insecticides was higher tin sandy clay than sandy loam. The presence of organic matter in soil increased the adsorption of N-methylcarbamate insecticides on soils. The mode of isothermal adsorption of N-methylcarbamate insecticides on soils was coincident with the Freundlich equation. Little effect of soil pH on the adsorption might be interpreted as that the adsorption was due to physical adsorption between N-methylcarbamate molecules and soil surface.
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