Direct-sequence spread spectrum signals are undetectable by conventional intercept receivers. However, the properties of the m-sequences used to generate such signals give rise to characteristic patterns of triple correlation peaks. These patterns remain discernable for short signal intercepts in the presence of data modulation, other m-sequences and noise, allowing the detection of individual m-sequences.
The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) program objectives are recommended by the NRC as a Tier-1 mission in its January 15, 2007 Earth Science Decadal Survey to be the key component of a future decade-scale, global climate change observing system. The purpose of CLARREO is to make SI-traceable absolute observations sensitive to the most critical, but least understood climate forcing phenomena, responses, and feedbacks. NASA / LaRC is the mission lead as well as the Infrared (IR) instrument suite development lead. The Reflected Solar (RS) instrument lead center has been assigned to GSFC where engineering risk reduction and science calibration demonstration studies are being conducted on flight-like ETUs in anticipation of entry into Phase A. The RS instrument suite (SOLARIS) is composed of multiple all-aluminum, slit-based, push-broom imaging spectroradiometers of nearly identical construction. Each 'box' will be optimized to provide better than 8nm spectral resolution (using multiple detector elements) over a specific spectral band covering the 320-2300nm total range with significant overlaps to aid calibration. Optical design, fabrication, and alignment will provide for 500m nadir resolutions over a full slit field of 100km from an approximately 600km polar orbit greater than 90% of the time. SNRs are likewise required to exceed 33 for λ < 900nm and 25 for λ < 900nm. The maximum radiometric sensitivity to any naturally-occurring polarized scene elements is expected to be between 0.5% - 0.75% for λ < 1000nm and λ <1000nm respectively. The RS suite system will be capable of demonstrating a long-term, spectrally- & spatially-averaged, systematic radiometric error of less than 0.3% (k=2). Coupled with measurements from on-board GPS radio occultation receivers and inherent inter-calibration compatibility with existing and future Earth science and operational missions, these measurements will provide a long-term benchmarking data record for the detection, projection, and attribution of changes to our planet's climate system. The CLARREO Project team successfully completed its Mission Concept Review (MCR) on November 17, 2010 at LaRC with high marks and remains dedicated to the mission and its instruments. However, the launch readiness date (LRD) is yet to be determined pending budget directive updates from the White House along with review of the IR and RS calibration demonstration efforts (extended pre-Phase A).
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Abstract In this brief response to Belzen's proposal that the psychology of religion undertakes a cultural approach to its subject matter, I suggest that (1) the psychology of religion is not as a-cultural as suggested by Belzen and (2) a cultural approach has both practical and theoretical liabilities, including the lack of coherence and the inability to identify universals. I then offer a friendly amendment to Belzen's approach, suggesting from a Kuhnian perspective that he presents a cultural approach more in terms of rapprochement with the existing experimental paradigm. Keywords: cultural psychologypsychology of religion
We advanced an integrative trend examining religiousness/spirituality (R/S) and flourishing using person-centered data analyses. Specifically, we tested a relational spirituality model (RSM) proposition that a latent profile comprised balanced dwelling (e.g. R/S commitment) and seeking (e.g. R/S exploration) would emerge and display greater flourishing, relative to the other subgroups, and we did so using a diverse sample of emerging religious leaders attending 17 graduate theological schools across North America (N = 580; Mage = 31.56; SD = 11.13; range = 19–71; 47.8% female; 62.7% White). A 5-profile model best fit the data, which included an Integrated profile that depicted a balanced relational spirituality that displayed flourishing. Findings suggested that an RSM theoretical framing of R/S indicators provided a distinct relational characterization and contextual lens to offer guidance on promoting flourishing, and specifically, by intervening into the dwelling–seeking dialectic, and self- and relational regulation.
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