The aim of these studies are to provide a basic data for the development of high-efficiency environmental improvement system that can parallel the cage(henhouse) and hot and cold potable water supply for increased summer heat stress relief and winter feed efficiency by optimal design. The cage area is 273m2. The air-to-water heat pump with 20RT capacity was used for heating and cooling. The control was used as an electric hot water boiler. For calculating heating load determined the cage size, materials, heat pump capacity, heating capacity, heat storage tank, and drinking water tank capacity etc. Therefore the capacity of heat pump was set-up using 20RT. The cage was built as a prefabricated panels henhouse of 13×21×4.5 m (width×depth×height). The heat storage tank and was drinking water tank capacity was constructed 3tons and 10 tons, respectively. In future, it is thought that optimal design considering the cage size and hen breeding scale is required.
가축분뇨는 고농도의 유기오염물질을 포함하고 있어 처리가 용이하지 않은 농업부산물 중의 하나이다. 현재는 대부분 호기 또는 혐기소화 방식을 이용하고 있으며, 약 89% 이상 퇴· 액비화로 자원화하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 가축분뇨를 이용한 새로운 자원화 방안으로 직접 전기에너지를 생산할 수 있는 미생물연료전지를 이용하여 가축분뇨로부터 전기발생과 유기오염물질 제거능을 알아보았다. 본 연구에서 사용한 미생물연료전지 산화전극과 환원전극으로 스테인리스 스틸 망을 사용하였고, 폴리에스터 천을 분리막으로 이용하였다. 외부 저항은 50 ohm을 연결하여 운전하였다. 미생물연료전지는 4개의 단위 셀이 순차적 흐름방식으로 운전되는 시스템으로, 가축분뇨가 4개의 단위 셀 중 첫 번째 단위 셀에 유입되고, 첫 번째 단위 셀의 유출수는 두 번째 단위 셀에 유입되고, 두 번 단위 셀의 유출수는 세 번째 단위 셀로 유입되어 최종적으로 네 개의 단위 셀을 거쳐 유출되는 시스템으로 운전하였다. 이렇게 4개의 단위 셀을 연속 공정으로 운전하였을 때 약 170일 동안 전극이나 분리막의 교체 없이 운전이 가능하였다. 각 단위 셀의 유출수를 이용하여 각 단위 셀에서의 용존성 화학적 산소 요구량(SCOD)의 제거량은 743.5, 524.8, 349.9, 그리고 1,137.1 mg/L · d 이었다. 체류시간은 약 13.7h이었으며, 유기오염물질의 처리 효율은 약 18.2% 정도였다. 일반적인 호기 또는 혐기발효를 위한 체류시간은 20~40일 이상으로 이에 비하여 매우 짧은 체류시간으로 처리효율이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이때 전류는 각 단위 셀에서 각각 4.9±0.2, 4.8±0.0, 4.1±0.1, 그리고 4.2±0.2 mA가 발생되었다.
Glasshouse heating package technologies to improve energy usage efficiency in winter were developed. Heating package was composed of the ground water source heat pump with heating capacity of 105㎾, the aluminum multi-layer thermal curtain with six layers of different materials and the root zone local heater with XL pipes of φ 20㎜. Venlo type glasshouse(461㎡) with the heating package was compared with the same type and area control glasshouse with the light oil boiler, the usual non-woven fabric thermal curtain with respect to the glasshouse inside temperature, relative humidity, crop growth, and heating energy consumption. The results of test in paprika cultivation glasshouses showed that the air temperature inside glasshouse with aluminum multi-layer thermal curtain was maintained 2.2℃ higher than that of control glasshouse in un-heating night time and the temperature in bed with root zone local heating was 4.7℃ higher than that in bed without local heating. Average heating coefficient of performance(COP) of the ground water source heat pump used in paprika cultivation was 3.7 and the glasshouse inside temperature was maintained at 21℃ of heating set up temperature. The heating energy consumptions per 10a were measured at 14,071L of light oil and 364㎾h of electric power for the control glasshouse and 35,082㎾h for the glasshouse applied heating package. As results, the heating cost of the glasshouse applied heating package was 87 percent lower than that of control glasshouse. The growths of paprika in glasshouses of control and applied heating package did not show any significant difference.
This study investigated the use of a hydroxyl-radicals-generated microbubble/catalyst (MB/Cat) system for removing organic pollutants, nitrogen, and phosphorous from liquid fertilizer produced by livestock wastewater treatment. Use of the MB/Cat system aims to improve the quality of liquid fertilizer by removing pollutants originally found in the wastewater. In addition, a reduction effect has been reported for antibiotics classified as representative non-biodegradable matter. Samples of liquid fertilizer produced by an aerobic biological reactor for swine wastewater treatment were first analyzed for initial concentrations of pollutants and antibiotics. When the MB/Cat system was applied to the liquid fertilizer, TCOD, TOC, BOD5, and NH3-N, and PO4-P removal efficiencies were found to be approximately 52%, 51%, 30%, 21%, and 66%, respectively. Additionally, Amoxicillin hydrate was removed by 10%, and Chlortetracycline HCl and Florfenicol were not present at detectable levels These findings confirm that the MB/Cat system can be used with livestock wastewater treatment to improve liquid fertilizer quality and to process wastewater that is safe for agricultural re-use.
In this study, the design and performance test of the air to water heat pump capable of producing hot water for greenhouse heating by using the surplus solar heat inside the greenhouse and the air heat outside greenhouse as the selective heat source were conducted. The heat storage operations using the surplus solar heat and the outside air heat were designed to be switched according to the setting temperature of the greenhouse in consideration of the optimum temperature range of the crop. In the developed system, it was possible to automatically control the switching of heat storage operation, heating and ventilation by setting 12 reference temperatures on the control panel. In the selective heat storage operation with the surplus solar heat and outside air heat, the temperature of thermal storage tank was controlled variably from 35oC to 52oC according to the heat storage rate and heating load. The heat storage operation times using the surplus solar heat and outside air heat were 23.1% and 30.7% of the experimental time respectively and the heat pump pause time was 46.2%. COP(coefficient of performance) of the heat pump of the heat storage operation using the surplus solar heat and outside air heat were 3.83 and 2.77 respectively and was 3.24 for whole selective heat storage operation. For the comparative experiment, the heat storage operation using the outside air heat only was performed under the condition that the temperature of the thermal storage tank was controlled constantly from 50 to 52oC, and COP was analyzed to be 2.33. As a result, it was confirmed that the COP of the heat storage operation using the surplus solar heat and outside air heat as selective heat source and the variable temperature control of the thermal storage tank was 39% higher than that of the general heat storage operation using the outside air heat only and the constant temperature control of the thermal storage tank.
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