Abstract Hybrid materials are essential materials for the future age elite electrochemical supercapacitors. A hybrid material or organic polymer‐inorganic metal oxide composite comprises of polyaniline (PANI) with fly ash (FA) is made by in‐situ polymerization of aniline monomer with fly ash, an inexhaustible asset. The impact of fly ash on polyaniline is resolved from electrical and electrochemical measurements. PANI‐FA is utilized in a supercapacitor cell as the electrode. FT‐IR, XRD, FE‐SEM, TGA and BET evaluate properties of this hybrid, and their electrochemical properties are assessed by CV, CD, and EIS measurements. PANI with 10 wt.% of FA (PANI‐FA01) indicates higher conductivity and supercapacitor execution than its individual material via metal oxide, acting as an intermediate for transferring ions from PANI and electrolyte. PANI‐FA01 demonstrates a higher capacitance estimation of 208 F g −1 contrasted with PANI (83 F g −1 ) at 2.5 A g −1 . The hybrid electrode material shows better charge‐discharge cycles, holding over 66 % of its first cycle gravimetric capacitance after 5000 cycles with effective coulombic efficiency of 99–100 %, which is as yet 43 % higher than the specific capacity of PANI. The Bode plot shows a phase angle of 80°.
Abstract In this study, a fluorescent material, 2‐naphthyl‐4‐amino benzoate, is synthesized by the esterification of 4‐aminobenzoic acid with 2‐naphthol. This molecule is used in the bulk polymerization of aniline, which results in the formation of poly(aniline‐2‐naphthyl‐4‐aminobenzoate). For comparison, polyaniline and also poly(aniline‐4‐aminobenzoic acid) salts are prepared via bulk polymerization. Formation and properties of these polymeric materials are evaluated by Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization, UV‐Vis, Fluorescence, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, electrical resistance and electrochemical techniques. P(ANI‐2NA4ABA) is obtained in nanofiber morphology in 106 wt% yield with respect to the amount of aniline used with comparable conductivity of conventional polyaniline salts. This polymer salt is stable up to 220°C and indicates melting at 146°C on heating and crystal formation at 128°C on cooling. This polymer shows higher wavelength fluorescence compared to the conventional polyaniline salts. This polymer is used as an electrode material without binder, which shows a specific capacitance of 360 F g −1 at 0.25 A g −1 .
Abstract This work aims to use the electro‐active materials for energy storage application from the waste raw material source, readily and indigenously available materials. Nowadays, the use of waste sources to prepare electro‐active materials for energy storage applications is trending due to their low‐cost, high availability, reduced environmental problems, and so forth. In this direction, Polyaniline (PANI) is prepared using a MnO 2 oxidant collected from waste Zn‐C cells. PANI displayed a compact and interconnected granular morphology with a surface area (39 m 2 g −1 ), pore volume (0.19 cm 3 g −1 ), and pore diameter (2.2 nm). Activated carbon (AC) has a surface area (860 m 2 g −1 ), pore volume (199 cm 3 g −1 ), and pore diameter (1.2 nm) is purchased locally. FT‐IR, XRD, and EDAX spectra support the formation of polyaniline salt with a small amount of Mn and Zn. The asymmetric cell is constructed using a PANI as a positive electrode and carbon as negative electrode material. The cell (PANI//AC) shows a high specific capacitance of 157 F g −1 at a current density of 5 mA cm −2 . The cell offers a cycle life stability of 5000 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 93% at a current density of 10 mA cm −2 .
