Qingkai Qi

Dartmouth College

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Wenjing Tian

Jilin University

Zhaochao Xu

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Bin Xu

Jilin University

Qinglong Qiao

Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics

Xiaogang Liu

Singapore University of Technology and Design

Sean Xiao‐An Zhang

Jilin University

Weijie Chi

Hainan University

Yifei Liu

Xi'an Jiaotong University

Xiaofeng Fang

Southern University of Science and Technology

Xiaocun Lu

Clarkson University

Cooperative Institutions

Jilin University

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Jilin Medical University

State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials

Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Singapore University of Technology and Design

Clarkson University

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics

Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China

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Advancing Dynamic Polymer Mechanochemistry through Molecular Gears

Nnamdi Ofodum Qingkai Qi Richard Chandradat Theodore Warfle Xiaocun Lu

Harnessing mechanical force to modulate material properties and enhance biomechanical functions is essential for advancing smart materials and bioengineering. Polymer mechanochemistry provides an emerging toolkit to unlock unconventional chemical transformations and modulate molecular structures via mechanical force. One of the key challenges is developing innovative force-sensing mechanisms for precise, in situ force detection and quantification. This study addresses this challenge by introducing mDPAC, a mechanosensitive molecular gear with dynamic and sensitive mechanochromic properties. Its unique mechanoresponsive mechanism is based on the simultaneous configurational variation of its phenazine and phenyl moieties, facilitated by a worm-gear structure. We affirm mDPAC's complex mechanochemical response and elucidate its mechanotransduction mechanism through our experimental emission data and comprehensive DFT and MD simulations. The compatibility of mDPAC with hydrogels is particularly notable, highlighting its potential for applications in aqueous biological environments as a dynamic molecular force sensor and mapping tool. Moreover, mDPAC's multicolored mechanochromic responses enable direct force sensing, visual detection, and real-time quantification, paving the way for integrating molecular gears into bulk materials for precise and real-time mechanical force sensing.

Mechanochemistry

10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-qdqwv

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Citations (1)

Organic polymorphs with fluorescence switching: direct evidence for mechanical and thermal modulation of excited state transitions

Chemical Communications (2019)

Shan Jiang Jiayu Wang Qingkai Qi Jingyu Qian Bin Xu

Herein, we provide a direct observation of the modulation of the excited state transition under mechanical and thermal stimuli in the solid state by two organic polymorphs based on a tetraphenylethene derivative (APMOB).

Modulation (music)

10.1039/c9cc00234k

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Citations (30)

CCDC 2257909: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

The Cambridge Structural Database (2023)

Qian‐Feng Qiu Qingkai Qi Junichi Usuba Karina Lee Ivan Aprahamian

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2fsjsk

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Morphology controllable conjugated network polymers based on AIE-active building block for TNP detection

Chinese Chemical Letters (2020)

Shan Jiang Lingchen Meng Wenyue Ma Qingkai Qi Wei Zhang

Conjugated microporous polymer

Quantum yield

Azine

10.1016/j.cclet.2020.09.019

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Visible light activated energy storage in solid-state Azo-BF₂ switches

Chemical Science (2023)

Qian‐Feng Qiu Qingkai Qi Junichi Usuba Karina Lee Ivan Aprahamian

We present here a group of Azo-BF2 photoswitches that store and release energy in response to visible light irradiation. Unmodified Azo-BF2 switches have a planar structure with a large π-conjugation system, which hinders E-Z isomerization when in a compacted state. To address this challenge, we modified the switches with one or two aliphatic groups, which altered the intermolecular interactions and arrangement of the photochromes in the solid state. The derivative with two substituents exhibited a non-planar configuration that provided particularly large conformational freedom, allowing for efficient isomerization in the solid phase. Our discovery highlights the potential of using double aliphatic functionalization as a promising approach to facilitate solid-state switching of large aromatic photoswitches. This finding opens up new possibilities for exploring various photoswitch candidates for molecular solar thermal energy storage applications.

Visible spectrum

10.1039/d3sc03465h

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Citations (18)

CCDC 934491: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

The Cambridge Structural Database (2015)

Qingkai Qi Jibo Zhang Bin Xu Bao Li Sean Xiao‐An Zhang

Crystal (programming language)

10.5517/cc10cdwn

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CHAPTER 7. Mechanofluorochromic Mechanism

RSC smart materials (2014)

Bin Xu Qingkai Qi Jibo Zhang Wenjing Tian

An overview of the mechanisms for mechanofluorochromic behaviors based on organic/polymer systems has been provided, and the most significant developments in understanding the origin of mechanofluorochromism have been highlighted. The views are mainly focused on the intermolecular effects and intramolecular effects on mechanofluorochromism, including excimer forming, phase structural transition, J- or H-aggregation and intramolecular coplanarity and so on. It should be helpful to researchers to understand more deeply the relationships between the molecular structures and the mechano-responsive behaviors.

10.1039/9781782623229-00236

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A photoswitchable handheld volumetric 3D display

Chem (2024)

Qingkai Qi Joshua T. Plank Alexander R. Lippert Ivan Aprahamian

10.1016/j.chempr.2024.07.012

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Intracellular pH sensing using polymeric micelle containing tetraphenylethylene-oxazolidine

Polymer Chemistry (2016)

Qingkai Qi Yue Li Xiaoyu Yan Fengli Zhang Shan Jiang

The self-assembled polymeric micelle can be used as an effective probe for intracellular pH detection by switching its luminescence from cyan to red with high selectivity and contrast.

Tetraphenylethylene

Oxazolidine

10.1039/c6py01072e

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Citations (23)

Highly efficient Far Red/Near-Infrared fluorophores with aggregation-induced emission for bioimaging

Dyes and Pigments (2017)

Fengli Zhang Yizeng Di Yue Li Qingkai Qi Jingyu Qian

Quantum yield

Biological Imaging

Far-red

10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.04.004

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Citations (29)