Sharon K. Greene

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

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Eric Peterson

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

Martin Kulldorff

Biostatistical Consulting (United States)

Alison Levin‐Rector

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

Jennifer Baumgartner

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

Emily McGibbon

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

Eric Weintraub

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Don Weiss

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

Steven J. Jacobsen

Kaiser Permanente

Gretchen M. Culp

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

Annie D. Fine

Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists

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187

Harvard University

Kaiser Permanente

National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

University of Washington

Columbia University

Harvard Pilgrim Health Care

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Patterns in influenza antiviral medication use before and during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, Vaccine Safety Datalink Project, 2000–2010

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (2012)

Sharon K. Greene David K. Shay Ruihua Yin Natalie McCarthy Roger Baxter

Please cite this paper as : Greene et al. (2012) Patterns in influenza antiviral medication use before and during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, Vaccine Safety Datalink Project, 2000‐2010. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(601), e143–e151. Background U.S. recommendations for using influenza antiviral medications changed in response to viral resistance (to reduce adamantane use) and during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (to focus on protecting high‐risk patients). Little information is available on clinician adherence to these recommendations. We characterized population‐based outpatient antiviral medication usage, including diagnosis and testing practices, before and during the pandemic. Methods Eight medical care organizations in the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project provided data on influenza antiviral medication dispensings from January 2000 through June 2010. Dispensing rates were explored in relation to changes in recommendations and influenza diagnosis and laboratory testing frequencies. Factors associated with oseltamivir dispensings in pandemic versus pre‐pandemic periods were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Results Antiviral use changed coincident with recommendations to avoid adamantanes in 2006, to use alternatives to oseltamivir in 2008, and to use oseltamivir during the pandemic. Of 38,019 oseltamivir dispensings during the pandemic, 31% were to patients not assigned an influenza diagnosis, and 97% were to patients not tested for influenza. Oseltamivir was more likely to be dispensed in pandemic versus pre‐pandemic periods to patients <25 years old and to those with underlying conditions, including chronic pulmonary disease or pregnancy ( P < 0·0001 for each factor in multivariable analysis). Conclusions Antiviral medication usage patterns suggest that clinicians followed recommendations to change antiviral prescribing based on resistance and to focus on high‐risk patients during the pandemic. Medications were commonly dispensed to patients without influenza diagnoses and tests, suggesting that antiviral dispensings may offer useful supplemental data for monitoring influenza incidence.

Oseltamivir

Pandemic

Antiviral drug

10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00390.x

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Citations (15)

Evaluation of Nowcasting for Real-Time COVID-19 Tracking — New York City, March–May 2020

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2020)

Sharon K. Greene Sarah F. McGough Gretchen M. Culp Laura Graf Marc Lipsitch

Abstract To account for delays between specimen collection and report, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene used a time-correlated Bayesian nowcasting approach to support real-time COVID-19 situational awareness. We retrospectively evaluated nowcasting performance for case counts among residents diagnosed during March–May 2020, a period when the median reporting delay was 2 days. Nowcasts with a 2-week moving window and a negative binomial distribution had lower mean absolute error, lower relative root mean square error, and higher 95% prediction interval coverage than nowcasts conducted with a 3-week moving window or with a Poisson distribution. Nowcasts conducted toward the end of the week outperformed nowcasts performed earlier in the week, given fewer patients diagnosed on weekends and lack of day-of-week adjustments. When estimating case counts for weekdays only, metrics were similar across days the nowcasts were conducted, with Mondays having the lowest mean absolute error, of 183 cases in the context of an average daily weekday case count of 2,914. Nowcasting ensured that recent decreases in observed case counts were not overinterpreted as true declines and supported health department leadership in anticipating the magnitude and timing of hospitalizations and deaths and allocating resources geographically.

Nowcasting

10.1101/2020.10.18.20209189

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Citations (1)

Detecting Emerging COVID-19 Community Outbreaks at High Spatiotemporal Resolution — New York City, June–July 2020

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2020)

Sharon K. Greene Eric Peterson Dominique Balan Lucretia Jones Gretchen M. Culp

Abstract New York City’s Health Department developed a SARS-CoV-2 percent test positivity cluster detection system using census tract resolution and the SaTScan prospective space-time scan statistic. One cluster led to identifying a gathering with inadequate social distancing where viral transmission likely occurred, and another cluster prompted targeted community testing and outreach.

Scan statistic

Outreach

Social distance

2019-20 coronavirus outbreak

Statistic

10.1101/2020.07.18.20156901

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Citations (2)

Applying infectious disease forecasting to public health: a path forward using influenza forecasting examples

BMC Public Health (2019)

Chelsea S. Lutz Mimi P. Huynh Monica Schroeder Sophia Anyatonwu F. Scott Dahlgren

Abstract Background Infectious disease forecasting aims to predict characteristics of both seasonal epidemics and future pandemics. Accurate and timely infectious disease forecasts could aid public health responses by informing key preparation and mitigation efforts. Main body For forecasts to be fully integrated into public health decision-making, federal, state, and local officials must understand how forecasts were made, how to interpret forecasts, and how well the forecasts have performed in the past. Since the 2013–14 influenza season, the Influenza Division at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has hosted collaborative challenges to forecast the timing, intensity, and short-term trajectory of influenza-like illness in the United States. Additional efforts to advance forecasting science have included influenza initiatives focused on state-level and hospitalization forecasts, as well as other infectious diseases. Using CDC influenza forecasting challenges as an example, this paper provides an overview of infectious disease forecasting; applications of forecasting to public health; and current work to develop best practices for forecast methodology, applications, and communication. Conclusions These efforts, along with other infectious disease forecasting initiatives, can foster the continued advancement of forecasting science.

Pandemic

Biostatistics

10.1186/s12889-019-7966-8

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Citations (120)

Spatio-temporal pattern of viral meningitis in Michigan, 1993-2001

Journal of Geographical Systems (2005)

Sharon K. Greene Mark A. Schmidt Mary Grace Stobierski Mark L. Wilson

Viral meningitis

10.1007/s10109-005-0151-x

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Reportable Bacterial Infections among New York City-Born Infants, 2001-2009

The Journal of Pediatrics (2016)

Beth Isaac Abbey R. Masonbrink Joseph Kennedy Sharon K. Greene Robin R. Hennessy

To determine rates of reportable bacterial infections among infants in New York City and identify populations at risk and preventable causes of morbidity.This retrospective cohort study matched live births in New York City from 2001-2009 to reported cases of bacterial infections among infants less than 1 year of age. Characteristics recorded on birth certificates were compared between infants with bacterial enteric infection, bacterial nonenteric infection, and no reportable bacterial infection. Multinomial logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify risk factors for infection.Bacterial infection was reported in 4.6 cases per 1000 live births. Of 4524 infants with a reportable infection, the majority (2880, 63%) had an enteric infection. Asian/Pacific Islanders in Brooklyn were the borough-level race/ethnic group with the highest enteric infection rate (8.5 per 1000 live births). Citywide, infants with enteric infections were disproportionately male, from higher poverty neighborhoods, born to foreign-born mothers, and enrolled in Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children or Medicaid. In contrast, infants with nonenteric infections were more likely to have low birthweight and mothers characterized by US birth and black race or white Hispanic race/ethnicity.Distinct patterns of risk factors for enteric and nonenteric bacterial infections among infants were identified. The results suggest that infants born to Asian/Pacific Islander mothers residing in Brooklyn should be a focus of enteric disease prevention. More research is necessary to better understand what behaviors increase the risk of enteric disease in this population.

10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.03.033

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Citations (3)

Outbreak of non-tuberculous mycobacteria skin or soft tissue infections associated with handling fish – New York City, 2013–2014

Epidemiology and Infection (2017)

Kari Yacisin Jung-Chen Hsieh Don Weiss Joel Ackelsberg Eunyoung Lee

Mycobacterium marinum, a bacterium found in freshwater and saltwater, can infect persons with direct exposure to fish or aquariums. During December 2013, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene learned of four suspected or confirmed M. marinum skin or soft tissue infections (SSTIs) among persons who purchased whole fish from Chinese markets. Ninety-eight case-patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) SSTIs were identified with onset June 2013-March 2014. Of these, 77 (79%) were female. The median age was 62 years (range 30-91). Whole genome sequencing of clinical isolates revealed two main clusters and marked genetic diversity. Environmental samples from distributors yielded NTM though not M. marinum. We compared 56 case-patients with 185 control subjects who shopped in Chinese markets, frequency-matched by age group and sex. Risk factors for infection included skin injury to the finger or hand (odds ratio [OR]: 15·5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6·9-37·3), hand injury while preparing fish or seafood (OR 8·3; 95% CI 3·8-19·1), and purchasing tilapia (OR 3·6; 95% CI 1·1-13·9) or whiting (OR 2·7; 95% CI 1·1-6·6). A definitive environmental outbreak source was not identified.

Mycobacterium marinum

10.1017/s0950268817001066

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Citations (24)

Daily Reportable Disease Spatio-Temporal Cluster Detection in New York City

2016 CSTE Annual Conference (2016)

Sharon K. Greene

Source

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Citations (0)

Disparities in Reportable Communicable Disease Incidence By Census Tract-Level Poverty, New York City, 2006-2013

2015 CSTE Annual Conference (2015)