Background: Pathology of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHB) is commonly associated with rotator cuff tears (RCTs).Superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) lesions can also occur with RCTs.The purpose of this study was to include SLAP lesions as part of LHB pathology in surgical cases of RCT and define the role of SLAP lesions in RCTs. Methods:We retrospectively evaluated clinical data from 176 cases of complete RCT undergoing surgery.During surgery, the LHB was arthroscopically examined.A modified 6-type classification was used to describe the LHB pathology in these cases: tendinitis, subluxation, dislocation, partial tear, complete rupture and SLAP lesions.The relationship of LHB pathology to different characteristics of RCTs was statistically analyzed. Results:Of RCT cases, 33% had Type 1 (tendinitis), 11% had Type 2 (subluxation), 9% had Type 3 (dislocation), 16% had Type 4 (partial tear), 7% had Type 5 (complete rupture) and 6% had Type 6 (SLAP) lesions.The remaining 18% of cases had no obvious LHB pathology.LHB pathology were associated with RCTs of a long duration (> 3 months), large area (> 5 cm 2 ), and multiple or subscapularis tendon involvement.Seventy four percent of patients with affected shoulders underwent simultaneous surgery for both LHB pathology and RCTs.Conclusion: Most patient with RCTs with chronic, massive, and multiple or subscapularis tendon involvement also had LHB injury.SLAP lesions, which we classified as a subgroup of LHB pathology, should be identified during rotator cuff surgery and treated appropriately.
Middle‐aged and elderly people usually have certain aspects of physical deterioration, such as muscle and bone losses which lead to fall easily, and increased the risk of fractures. Menopausal women with reduced estrogen secretion are more prone to bone loss than men in the same age. Meanwhile, deficit in dietary intake of bone and muscle health related nutrients, such as calcium, vitamin D and protein, in addition to low physical activities may change bone and muscle metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the effects of exercise intervention and nutritional status on the muscle mass, muscle strength, body mass index (BMI), and muscle mass index (MMI). Twenty menopause women averaged 58 year old were recruited in this study to measure the bone mass density by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and body composition analysis (BIA), Meanwhile, food record (FR), food‐frequency questionnaire (FFQ), physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) were collected. Subjects participated in the sport class, a 90 minutes per week. In the end of this 3‐month period, muscle test, FR, BIA, FFQ and IPAQ were recorded. The results indicated that the exercise intervention could improve part of muscle strength and increase the walking speed of the subjects. Moreover, the intakes of calories, protein, fat and phosphorus were significantly lower than baseline (P<0.05). However, energy from carbohydrate is significantly higher compared with baseline. The intake of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin C in subjects were lower than 2/3 DRIs. In addition, the subjects' BMD were associated with the limbs muscle strength (p<0.05). Moreover, the daily steps in osteoporosis group were significantly lower than osteopenia and normal groups. In addition, dietary intake wasn't significantly correlated to BMD, muscle mass, daily steps and physical activity. In conclusion, the menopausal women may improve the muscle strength and physical activities levels by the exercise intervention for reducing the osteoporotic and sarcopenic risk. Support or Funding Information The Wang Jhan‐Yang Public Charitable Trust Fund, The Taiwanese Osteoporosis Association, Taipei Medical University, and Fu Jen Catholic University
Mg-Zn-Ca bulk metallic glass (BMG) is a promising orthopedic fixation implant because of its biodegradable and biocompatible properties. Structural supporting bone implants with osteoinduction properties for effective bone regeneration have been highly desired in recent years. Osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) can increase the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and enhance the mineralization of osteoblast cells. However, the short half-life and non-specificity to target areas limit applications of OGP. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as nanocarriers possess excellent properties, such as easy surface modification, superior targeting efficiency, and high loading capacity of drugs or proteins. Accordingly, we propose a system of combining the OGP-containing MSNs with Mg-Zn-Ca BMG materials to promote bone regeneration. In this work, we conjugated cysteine-containing OGP (cgOGP, 16 a.a.) to interior walls of channels in MSNs and maintained the dispersity of MSNs via PEGylation. An in vitro study showed that metal ions released from Mg-Zn-Ca BMG promoted cell proliferation and migration and elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization. On treating cells with both BMG ion-containing Minimum Essential Medium Eagle-alpha modification (α-MEM) and OGP-conjugated MSNs, enhanced focal adhesion turnover and promoted differentiation were observed. Hematological analyses showed the biocompatible nature of this BMG/nanocomposite system. In addition, in vivo micro-computed tomographic and histological observations revealed that our system stimulated osteogenesis and new bone formation around the implant site.
Titanium dioxide is added into calcium phosphate bio-glass (CPG) to have crystalline phases of titanium phosphoric ( TiP 2 O 7 ) and calcium phosphoric ( CaP 2 O 7 ) on its surfaces. The bio-glass synthesis with the addition of titanium dioxide herein is denoted as TCPG. To elucidate their surface morphologies, both specimens of CPG and TCPG were immersed in Hanks' solution for two days before soaking in the mixed solutions of ( NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 and Ca ( NO 3 ) 2 at 70°. Crystalline layers of titanium phosphoric were observed on the surfaces of TCPG from immersing in Hanks' solution. After which calcium pyrophosphate appeared on the second step of soaking process from the calcium ion contained solutions. Due to the absence of crystalline phases on the surfaces of CPG specimen, it can be deduced that the addition of titania ( TiO 2 ) causes the hydroxyapatite formation on the surface of bio-glass.
Abstract Nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma processes, including an interaction between plasma and liquid phases, are employed to induce crosslinked gelatin–graphene oxide composite hydrogels. The properties of thin‐film hydrogel‐forming postplasma treatment are analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, rheology, scanning electron microscope, and in vitro studies. The plasma‐treated hydrogel (PT) exhibits an excellent gel strength with storage modulus up to 341 kPa and thermal stability of gel–sol transition at 65°C, elongated degradation time, and favorable cell viability. The practical application of PT demonstrates an efficient encapsulation and sustainable release of alendronate for at least 21 days. The results show that using nonthermal plasmas can be regarded as an alternative physical method to fabricate composite hydrogels for promising applications in drug carriers and biomedicine.
Introduction: The sensitive interfacial interaction of liquid crystals (LC) holds potential for precision biosensors. In the past, the developments of LC biosensors were limited by the complicated manufacturing process, which hinders commercialization and wider applications of such devices. In this report, we demonstrate the first nano-structural polymeric stabilized-cholesteric LC (PSCLC) thin films to be a new label-free biosensing technology. Methods: The transmission spectra of PSCLC devices were measured by the fiber-optic spectrometer with high-resolution. In addition, a smartphone was set on the stage, and the camera of smartphone was placed and aligned with a set of lenses embedded in the designed stage. To decrease the chromatic and spherical aberrations, an achromatic lens set composition, consisting of both dual-convex lens and concave-plane lens, was applied for measuring and imaging the PSCLC texture. The average and the estimated standard deviation (SD) were used to present quantitative experimental results. The test BSA was immobilized and fulfilled by the ceramic silicon-constructed DMOAP-coated glass in aqueous BSA solutions at 1 mg/mL, 1 μg/mL, and 1 ng/mL. Results: The fabrication process of PSCLC is much simplified compared to previous LC biosensors. The color of PSCLC biosensor altered with the BSA concentration, making detection result easy to read. The detection limit of 1 ng/mL is achieved for label-free PSCLC biosensor. The PSCLC biosensor was able to successfully detect due to the albumin concentration's alteration, with a linear range of 1 ng/mL– 2 mg/mL. Thus, the label-free-proposed design-integrated nanoscale PSCLCs smartphone-based biosensor could successfully detect BSA in a preclinical urine sample. Conclusion: Finally, we propose a design to integrate the PSCLC biosensor with a smartphone. The PSCLC owns potential for high performance, low cost for detecting various disease biomarkers in home use. Owing to its great potential for high performance and low cost, the PSCLC biosensors can be used as a label-free point-of-care for detecting various disease biomarkers for patients in care homes. Keywords: polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal, ceramic silicon compound, trimethoxysilyl, constructed DMOAP, label-free, biosensor, point-of-care, bovine serum albumin
Single-row (SR) and double-row repair techniques have been described to treat rotator cuff tears. We present a novel surgical strategy of arthroscopic-assisted mini-open repair in which a locking-loop suture bridge (LLSB) is used.To compare the functional outcomes and repair integrity of LLSB technique to the SR technique for arthroscopic-assisted mini-open repair of small to medium rotator cuff tears.Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Included were 39 patients who underwent LLSB repair (LLSB group) and 44 patients who underwent SR suture anchor repair (SR group) from 2015 to 2018. We evaluated all patients preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score. Also, shoulder sonography was performed at 12 months postoperatively to evaluate repair integrity using the Sugaya classification system. The independent-sample t test was used to analyze functional outcomes (VAS, OSS, and ASES scores), and the Fisher exact test was used to analyze postoperative sonography results.Patients in both the LLSB and SR groups saw a significant improvement on all 3 outcome measures from preoperatively to 24 months postoperatively (P < .001 for all). However, when comparing scores between groups, only the scores at 3 months postoperatively differed significantly (VAS: P = .002; OSS: P < .001; ASES: P = .005). Shoulder sonography at 12 months postoperatively revealed no significant difference in repair integrity between the LLSB and SR groups (retear rate: 10.26% and 6.82%, respectively; P = .892).Better outcome scores were seen at 3-month follow-up in the LLSB group, with no difference in retear rates compared with the SR group at 12 months postoperatively. The LLSB technique was found to be a reliable technique for rotator cuff repair of small- to medium-sized tears.
We assessed the efficacy of a novel platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)-augmented repair strategy for promoting biological healing of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) midsubstance tear in a rabbit model. The biological gap-bridging effect of a PRF scaffold alone or in combination with rabbit ligamentocytes on primary ACL healing was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.A PRF matrix can be implanted as a provisional fibrin-platelet bridging scaffold at an ACL defect to facilitate functional healing.Controlled laboratory study.The biological effects of PRF on primary rabbit ligamentocyte proliferation, tenogenic differentiation, migration, and tendon-specific matrix production were investigated for treatment of cells with PRF-conditioned medium (PRFM). Three-dimensional (3D) lyophilized PRF (LPRF)-cell composite was fabricated by culturing ligamentocytes on an LPRF patch for 14 days. Cell-scaffold interactions were investigated under a scanning electron microscope and through histological analysis. An ACL midsubstance tear model was established in 3 rabbit groups: a ruptured ACL was treated with isolated suture repair in group A, whereas the primary repair was augmented with LPRF and LPRF-cell composite to bridge the gap between ruptured ends of ligaments in groups B and C, respectively. Outcomes-gross appearance, magnetic resonance imaging, and histological analysis-were evaluated in postoperative weeks 8 and 12.PRFM promoted cultured ligamentocyte proliferation, migration, and expression of tenogenic genes (type I and III collagen and tenascin). PRF was noted to upregulate cell tenogenic differentiation in terms of matrix production. In the 3D culture, viable cells formed layers at high density on the LPRF scaffold surface, with notable cell ingrowth and abundant collagenous matrix depositions. Moreover, ACL repair tissue and less articular cartilage damage were observed in knee joints in groups B and C, implying the existence of a chondroprotective phenomenon associated with PRF-augmented treatment.Our PRF-augmented strategy can facilitate the formation of stable repair tissue and thus provide gap-bridging in ACL repair.From the translational viewpoint, effective primary repair of the ACL may enable considerable advancement in therapeutic strategy for ACL injuries, particularly allowing for proprioception retention and thus improved physiological joint kinematics.
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