Abstract Rational design and construction of a new high‐efficiency hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst operating stably under high temperature, strong alkaline, and high salt conditions are the key challenges for realizing economically sustainable hydrogen generation and low energy consumption chlor‐alkali co‐production. Herein, according to requirements of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts under chlor‐alkali electrolysis conditions, a three‐component Ru/Ni/WC electrocatalyst with a weak exothermic effect for the water adsorption step (∆H H2O = −0.12 eV), low water dissociation energy barrier (Δ G b = 0.61 eV), and close‐to‐zero Gibbs free adsorption energy (∆ G H* = −0.03 eV) is designed through density functional theory calculations. Under the guidance of theoretical calculations, a novel multi‐interface composite electrocatalyst is successfully prepared, denoted as Ru/Ni/WC@NPC (Ru wt.% = 4.13%). In a strongly alkaline medium, Ru/Ni/WC@NPC (Ru wt.% = 4.13%) records an excellent HER electrocatalytic activity with a very low overpotential (η 10 = −3 mV) at 20 °C and even demonstrates exciting HER behavior at 90 °C (η 10 = +2.8 mV). Most importantly, the electrochemical test under simulated chlor‐alkali electrolysis condition demonstrates better HER performance than the industrial cathode material of commercial 20% Pt/C and low carbon steel. Generally, this study reveals a new strategy and reference for constructing effective and robust HER electrocatalysts that match with the chlor‐alkali industry.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Enhancing the oral bioavailability of peptides has received a lot of attention for decades but remains challenging, partly due to low intestinal membrane permeability. Combining a permeation enhancer (PE) with unidirectionally releasing microcontainers (MCs) has previously been shown to increase insulin permeation across Caco-2 cell monolayers. In the present work, this setup was further employed to compare three common PEs—sodium caprate (C10), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and lauroyl carnitine. The concept was also studied using porcine intestinal tissue with the inclusion of 70 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD70) as a pathogen marker. Moreover, a combined proteolysis and Caco-2 cell permeation setup was developed to investigate the effect of soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) in the MCs. Lastly, in vivo performance of the MCs was tested in an oral gavage study in rats by monitoring blood glucose and insulin absorption. SDS proved to be the most potent PE without increasing the ex vivo uptake of FD70, while the implementation of STI further improved insulin permeation in the combined proteolysis Caco-2 cell setup. However, no insulin absorption in rats was observed upon oral gavage of MCs loaded with insulin, PE and STI. Post-mortem microscopic examination of their gastrointestinal tract indicated lack of intestinal retention and optimal orientation by the MCs, possibly precluding the potential advantage of unidirectional release.
This work discusses preliminary work aimed at simulating and visualizing the growth process of a tiny structure inside the cell---the microtubule. Difficulty of recording the process lies in the fact that the tissue preparation method for electronic microscopes is highly destructive to live cells. Here in this paper, our approach is to take pictures of microtubules at different time slots and then appropriately combine these images into a coherent video. Experimental results are given on real data.
The Photocatalytic preparation of 2, 5-diformylfuran (DFF) from biomass 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), is subjected to a low conversion efficiency. In view of superoxide radical is a crucial reactive oxygen species, we suggest an ultra-fast selective oxidation reaction achieved by modulating the photocatalytic oxygen reduction processes. Herein, we developed a novel photocatalytic system by anchoring perylene imide supramolecular as an oxygen reduction co-catalyst on ZnIn2S4. The functionalized perylene imide supramolecular as an active site greatly accelerates the generation of superoxide radical by absorbing oxygen while concentrating the photogenerated electrons of ZnIn2S4. Compared with pure ZnIn2S4, SA-PDI/ZnIn2S4 showed a more excellent photocatalytic performance under mild conditions (photo-oxidation kinetics increased by 30 times). Satisfactorily, the HMF transformation frequency is 1952 μmol·g-1·h-1 and is almost an order of magnitude higher than the photocatalytic HMF aerobic oxidation technique reported. This work open up a perspective for the design of photocatalytic systems for high added-value compounds production.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
With the development of artificial neural network (ANN), the conflict between performance, power consumption, and volume becomes more obvious. The spiking neuron network(SNN) is the main brain-like ANN model, of which the calculation of membrane potential is the key. Since the efficiency of this type of computation is main consideration of determining the entire neural network, we introduce a design characterized by a relatively lightweight and simple structure in an asynchronous way, which is also more compatible with the SNN. We also verify our design with FPGA successful.
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted much attention due to their outstanding catalytic activity and maximum atom utilization. However, the unclear structure of the atomic active site hinders deep understanding and wide applications of SACs. Herein, we select a series of single-atom platinum (Pt)-containing polyoxometalates with well-defined structures as molecular models to clarify the effects of metal–oxide support and coordination environment on the activity of single-atom Pt electrocatalyst for HER. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density function theory calculation reveal that metal–oxide supports affect the ability of atomic Pt site to obtain electrons, resulting in different effective potentials loaded on the Pt active center in HER. Meanwhile, the coordination environment of single-atom Pt determines the pathway of HER, which also leads to different HER performance. This work provides a feasible strategy to reveal the structure–activity relationship of SACs and design new high-efficiency SACs for electrocatalytic HER.
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