Background . The fruits of Malania oleifera Chun & S. K. Lee have been highly sought after medically because its seeds have high oil content (>60%), especially the highest known proportion of nervonic acid (>55%). Objective of the Study. The objective was to explore the effects of different doses of Malania oleifera Chun oil ( MOC oil) on the learning and memory of mice and to evaluate whether additional DHA algae oil and vitamin E could help MOC oil improve learning and memory and its possible mechanisms. Methods . After 30 days of oral administration of the relevant agents to mice, behavioral tests were conducted as well as detection of oxidative stress parameters (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase) and biochemical indicators (acetylcholine, acetyl cholinesterase, and choline acetyltransferase) in the hippocampus. Results . Experimental results demonstrated that MOC oil treatment could markedly improve learning and memory of mouse models in behavioral experiments and increase the activity of GSH‐PX in hippocampus and reduce the content of MDA, especially the dose of 46.27 mg/kg. The addition of DHA and VE could better assist MOC oil to improve the learning and memory, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and restrain the activity of AChE and also increase the content of ACh. Conclusion . Our results demonstrated that MOC oil treatment could improve learning and memory impairments. Therefore, we suggest that MOC oil is a potentially important resource for the development of nervonic acid products.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used worldwide and research on the toxicity of BPA has advanced rapidly in the last few decades. This study aimed to evaluate the global scientific output of toxicity of BPA and explore the hot spots and research trends. All available articles related to the toxicity of BPA until 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The VOSviewer, a bibliometric analysis software, was used to analyze the information of included articles, including countries/institutions, international cooperation, journals, citations, and keywords. Among 1644 retrieved articles, 1611 eligible studies were identified for analysis, and the annual publications increased with time in the past three decades. China and the United States were the most active contributors in this field. Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Dow chemical company conducted relatively more research than others about BPA toxicity. The journal “Chemosphere” published the most studies on “BPA toxicity”. Before 2015, most research focused on estrogenic activity and the test system mainly utilized animal experiments. However, in recent years, research related to toxic mechanisms of BPA at the cellular level and the toxicity of its analogs have received widespread attention. Considering some critical research gaps, future research on BPA toxicology should probably focus on the molecular biology of toxic mechanism, mixture toxicity, and co-exposure of BPA substitutes. This study will help researchers understand past and current research trends, hot spots, and trends of toxicity studies of BPA and, thus, contribute to further research and risk management of BPA.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is of great concern in public health, of which female reproductive toxicity is one major adverse health effect with the unclear mode of action (MOA) yet. Based on the principle of Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century, the purpose of this study is to explore the MOA for female reproductive toxicity using human normal ovarian epithelial cells IOSE80 at 28-day human-relevant-level exposure. A physiological based pharmacokinetic model was used to select the administration concentrations according to the BPA levels in female gonads at human actual exposure scenario. Enrichment KEGG pathways interrupted by BPA consisted of RNA transport, ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, cell cycle, cellular senescence, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and oocyte meiosis. Increased relative mRNA and protein expressions of ERK and CDKN3, and proportion of S phase, as well as decreased proportion of G0/G1 phase were observed with increasing BPA concentrations, which could be partially inhibited by ERK inhibitor U0126. Among all the benchmark concentration lower confidence limits, mRNA expression of MAPK3 served as the lowest. In conclusion, the MOA of BPA induced female reproductive toxicity at human-relevant levels may include: key event (KE)1-ERK activation, KE2-increased expression of CDKN3, and KE3-cell cycle arrest. However, more in vivo studies may be needed to complete the MOA.
Review question / Objective: To clarify these inconsistent findings in the literature and the potential role of lutein in the prevention and progression of AMD, the meta-analysis was performed to evaluate available research on lutein blood levels between AMD patients and controls, and research on lutein supplementation in patients with AMD.Condition being studied: Lutein has been linked with various visual performance disorders including age-related macular degeneration (AMD).However, previous studies evaluating the association between serum lutein and AMD risk showed inconsistent results and the relationship between lutein supplements and AMD risk remains unclear.Moreover, the treatment effect of lutein in AMD patients is also unknown.
Fatty acid (FA) in breast milk is beneficial to the growth and neurodevelopment of infants. However, the structure profiles of breast milk FAs and the influencing factors which are crucial for normal function have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to characterize the profiles of total and sn-2 FAs in human mature milk based on two representative urban areas in China and explore potential sociodemographic determinants. Mothers (n = 70) at 40-100 d postpartum from Beijing and Danyang were recruited according to unified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total and sn-2 FA compositions were examined by gas chromatography and quantified. Using the Spearman correlation and multiple regression model, we found that the location and maternal education level were the most conspicuous correlated factor. The milk of mothers from Beijing had higher levels of the n-6 series of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) (C20:2, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA, LA/ALA, and ARA/DHA) than that of Danyang, while the opposite was observed in the n-3 series of LCPUFA (C18:3n-3 and Total n-3PUFA). Compared to the milk of mothers with a high school degree or below, those with a bachelor's degree or above had lower SFAs (C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, and Total SFA), n-3 series of LCPUFA (C18:3n-3 and Total n-3PUFA), C18:1n-9t, and higher n-6 series of LCPUFA (C18:2n-6c, C20:2, C20:4n-6, Total n-6PUFA, and n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA). Maternal age, infant gender, pre-conception body mass index (BMI), parity, delivery mode, and gestational weight gain were also associated with total FAs. However, fewer associations were found between the above factors and sn-2 FAs. This study will promote an understanding of human breast milk's lipid profile and help develop a formula more suitable for infants.
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