Bu calismada Heliotropium greuteri H. RIEDL bitkisinde secilen bazi morfolojik karakterler bakimindan karakterizasyonunu yapmak, ISSR markirlari vasitasiyla akrabalik ve cesitliliklerini belirlemek amaclanmistir. Bu calismada kirk yedi H. greuteri genotipi ile kontrol olarak bir H. lasiocarpum genotipi kullanilmistir. Bitki materyalleri Erciyes Universitesi ve Kayseri-Develi cevresinden toplanmistir. Bitki yapisi, cicek yapisi, tohum ozellikleri ile molekuler markir cesitlilikleri karakterize edilmistir. Bitki yuksekligi 13-100 cm (ort:28 cm), cicek capi 1,35-18,5 mm (ort: 9,78 mm) olarak belirlenmistir. Tum ozellikler bakimindan varyasyon tespit edilmesi bu bitkinin sus bitkisi olarak gelistirilebilir bir potansiyele sahip oldugunu gostermektedir. ISSR analizlerinde, secilen 13 primer ile 90 polimorfik bant elde edilmistir. Dice genetik benzerlik degerleri 0,81-0,99 arasinda bulunmustur. Muhtemelen bu tur bir darlasma ile karsi karsiya kalmistir ya da daralan cesitlilikle sonuclanan bir turlesme ortaya cikmistir. Genel olarak H. greuteri bitkileri kuraklik toleranslarinin yuksek olmasi, kokulari, ciceklenme surelerinin uzunlugu ve bal arilarini cezbetme gibi ozellikleriyle sus bitkisi olarak kullanilmalari icin onemli bir potansiyele sahiptir.
ABSTRACT Plant peroxidases are a family of related proteins possessing highly conserved domains. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on these conserved domains can be used to amplify DNA sequences coding for peroxidases from plants with unsequenced genomes. Polymorphisms in peroxidase genes among buffalograss [ Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] genotypes and eight other grasses were evaluated, and potential evolutionary relationships were deduced using this approach. Fourteen peroxidase specific primers with alternative forward and reverse primers using 34 rice peroxidase cDNAs were designed based on conserved motifs of this gene family. Targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA from 28 buffalograss, 4 C4, and 4 C3 grass genotypes yielded polymorphisms, differentiating diploids from polyploids within buffalograss and C3 and C4 grass species from each other. A total of 11 peroxidase gene fragments, 7 belonging to buffalograss and 4 to the other grass species, were sequenced. Five of these sequences were clustered with rice ( Oryza sativa L.) ascorbate peroxidase known to have chloroplast origin. These results demonstrate that primers targeting the peroxidase gene family can be used to study genotypic diversity and evolutionary relationships on an intraspecific and interspecific basis. The PCR‐based peroxidase markers may also have potential for linkage mapping and differential gene expression studies in grasses.
Genetic studies of watermelons [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] sampled from Turkey, the second leading producer, may provide valuable information for breeding and research programs. The objectives of this study were to estimate the level of genetic diversity, population structure, and optimum genome sampling size among the Turkish and several introduced watermelons. From the collection, 256 watermelon lines representing all watermelon-growing areas of Turkey along with two accessions of a related genus (Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo) and a few popular cultivars were genotyped using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Twenty-seven primers generated 210 molecular markers for genetic analyses. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average analysis produced no clear-cut pattern, while principal component analysis indicated three subgroups among the lines studied. They had a narrow genetic base within C. lanatus var. lanatus and were mostly distinguished from each other. Model-based structure analysis indicated that the number of subpopulations in watermelons was four. Among the 258 lines, only 20% (51 lines) had 0.80 or greater membership coefficients to one subpopulation, and therefore were not admixed. The remaining 207 were admixed by at least two subpopulations. The similarity matrix of genome sampling size of 40 randomly selected markers was highly correlated (r = 0.915) with the matrix of simple matching coefficients based on 100 markers, implying that 40 markers were detected to be sufficient for this species. Overall, this study concluded that the majority of the Turkish watermelons were distinguished from each other, difficult to classify, and admixed, with narrow genetic variation.
Ethylene responsive AP2/EREBP type transcription factors (TF) play major roles such as growth, development, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Forward and reverse AP2/EREBP type TF-specific primers were designed, sequenced, and linkage mapped in a population of 164 F1 individuals derived between 'Clementine' mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco 'Clementine') and 'Orlando' tangelo' (C. paradisi Macf. 'Duncan' x C. reticulata Blanco 'Dancy'). A total of 26 pairs of primers were designed for PCR reactions using Primique software available in TF database (DATFAP) based on default parameters using available dicot's AP2/EREBP sequences. These primers included 17 to 35 bases, and produced a total of 21 polymorphic markers. Bright 13 markers were excised, sequenced, deposited in the NCBI web site, and BLAST-analyzed for homology. Of the 21 markers, 13 were linkage mapped in a previous citrus map. Seven and five markers were mapped in 'Clementine' and 'Orlando' map, respectively. Based on Maximum Parsimony algorithm nested in MEGA 4 evolutionary genetic analysis software, the 13 TF sequences obtained in this study were found to be closely related to known TFs of Arabidopsis thaliana. Few of TF markers were found to be closely linked in existing linkage map of citrus, suggesting possible ancestral origin. These AP2/EREBP primers helped identification of citrus AP2/EREBP type transcription factor genes and can be used in other dicots such as tomato and cotton may have potential in understanding evolutionary relationships, establishing linkage map, and estimating diversity among other dicots since these TFs may reflect adaptability of plants.
