1 Intravenous injection of 2-deoxy-glucose (3 mmol/kg) increases plasma levels of insulin and glucose in the mouse. This study investigated the contribution of various autonomic receptors to the plasma insulin response. 2 Pretreatment with the cholinergic antagonist methylatropine abolished the response completely. 3 Pretreatment with the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine caused a potentiated response, whereas the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist L-propranolol had no effect. 4 Pretreatment with methylatropine and phentolamine combined caused a small insulin response, which was inhibited by propranolol. 5 Pretreatment with the nicotonic antagonist hexamethonium abolished the response. 6 It is concluded that 2-deoxy-glucose induces a stimulation of insulin secretion in vivo in the mouse predominantly by a cholinergic mechanism. 7 2-Deoxy-glucose also activates alpha-adrenergic mechanisms which affect the size of the insulin secretory response. beta-Adrenoceptor and non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic mechanisms seem to be less important.
Designers of embedded systems face tight constraints on resources, response time and cost. The ability to analyze embedded systems is essential to timely delivery of new designs. Many analysis techniques model parallel programs as task graphs. Task graphs capture the worst-case execution times of individual program tasks and the data dependencies among these.
