Toxgnostics is an emerging term within the field of oncology. Currently, the systemic treatment of solid tumors often produces only a modest increase in survival rates, while concomitantly exposing the patient to a very real prospect of significant and potentially life-threatening toxicity. One example can be found in the management of stage 2 colorectal cancer. Toxgnostics is a more agnostic approach to identify germ line variants that influence toxicity. In the field of oncology, as with other specialties, there exists an abundance of practical guidance as to how best the clinician can deliver patient care. Chemotherapy prescription, due to its nature of prescribing highly toxic chemicals, has perhaps more guidance than most inhospital treatments. The aim of toxgnostics is to be able to apply any necessary modifications to a personalized prescription in a prospective manner, therefore mitigating any risks before the patient is exposed.
Prostate-specific antigen recurrence after radical prostatectomy signifies minimal residual disease.Early application of short-term more intensive androgen deprivation therapy (androgen annihilation) using newer agents may offer an opportunity for cure.
COVID-19 and rising student numbers are affecting healthcare education, particularly access to clinical placements. As healthcare education is increasingly supported by technology and non-traditional teaching methods, educational experiences gained through clinical placement also require new approaches. This article explores and discusses the use of a simulated clinical placement for a dietetic student cohort. During this virtual placement, students were able to explore and experience a virtual clinical setting and immerse themselves in a placement experience. A vast range of virtual resources were linked to the online placement portal, including statutory and mandatory training, dietetic resources, patient journeys and interprofessional communication. Advantages of this approach include that all students experience a given situation, unlike in traditional placements where workloads, variety and engagement vary; there is also no risk to patient safety. The aim is to enhance the learning experience to create effective, efficient clinicians. This virtual placement for dietetics is part of a bigger project to develop and evaluate the use of a virtual placement framework in a range of professions. The concept of virtual placement may have been brought forward by the COVID-19 crisis but was inevitable with the move to more technology-enhanced learning tools.
Abstract This study endeavors to fill a void in the treatment of metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) with the use of scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) targeted reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) nanoparticles. Though new therapies are being evaluated in clinical trials, TNBC remains an incurable disease. Accordingly, the 5-year survival rate for women with metastatic TNBC is less than 30%. The overall goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Lapatinib (an EGFR inhibitor) and Valrubicin (a topoisomerase II inhibitor) encapsulated rHDL nanoparticles in the treatment of metastatic TNBC. Selective uptake of anticancer agents delivered by rHDL nanoparticles via the SR-B1 is being evaluated using H3 cholesterol ester labeled rHDL nanoparticles in the presence and absence of a chemical inhibitor of SR-B1. Anti-proliferative effects of Lapatinib and Valrubicin encapsulated nanoparticles were evaluated using CCK-8 kits. The findings from these studies revealed that the rHDL encapsulated forms of Lapatinib and Valrubicin had enhanced efficacy when used in combination than the free drugs. In particular, rHDL encapsulated Lapatinib had a 55% increase in efficacy in MDA-MB-231 cell line over the un-encapsulated form as a single agent. The ultimate goal of these studies is to assess the impact of rHDL encapsulated Lapatinib and Valrubicin, alone or in combination against TNBC. One of the major barriers to successful cancer chemotherapy is the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) by malignant tumors. rHDL nanoparticles provide a cytosolic drug delivery mechanism for malignant cells and will likely help to overcome drug resistance by TNBC tumors. In addition, the tumor selective delivery of the drug payload via the rHDL nanoparticles is anticipated to reduce or eliminate off target toxicity to normal tissues upon clinical application. Citation Format: Rebecca Johnson, Andras Lacko. SR-B1 directed nanoparticles in targeted therapy for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B54.
'%3e%3cpath fill='%23012169' d='M0 0v30h60V0z'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='6' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='4' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30' clip-path='url(%23b)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='10' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='6' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'/%3e%3c/defs%3e%3cpath fill='%23012169' d='M0 0h10080v5040H0z'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='.6' d='m0 0 6 3m0-3L0 3' clip-path='url(%23b)' transform='scale(840)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23e4002b' stroke-width='.4' d='m0 0 6 3m0-3L0 3' clip-path='url(%23c)' transform='scale(840)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='840' d='M2520 0v2520M0 1260h5040'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23e4002b' stroke-width='504' d='M2520 0v2520M0 1260h5040'/%3e%3cg fill='%23fff'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' x='2520' y='3780'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' x='7560' y='4200'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' x='6300' y='2205'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' x='7560' y='840'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' x='8680' y='1869'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23e' x='8064' y='2730'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)