Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

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Yongju Huang

University of Hertfordshire

Bruce D.L. Fitt

University of Hertfordshire

Baharuddin Salleh

Universiti Sains Malaysia

Georgia Mitrousia

University of Hertfordshire

Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainuddin

Universiti Putra Malaysia

CHONG SOK LENG

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

Fauziah Tufail Ahmad

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

Latiffah Zakaria

Universiti Sains Malaysia

Aiming Qi

University of Hertfordshire

Nik Mohd Izham Mohamed Nor

Universiti Sains Malaysia

Cooperative Institutions

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

University of Hertfordshire

Universiti Putra Malaysia

Universiti Sains Malaysia

Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica

Rothamsted Research

National Sun Yat-sen University

Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

National Taiwan University

Academia Sinica

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Diversity of Airborne Fungi at Pepper Plantation Lembah Bidong, Kuala Terengganu

Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology (2020)

NUR AINU FARHAH RABAE SALMAN AZIZ ASAMOAH FREDERICK OSEI Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique

Piper nigrum L. is well-known as the king of spices and widely used in various field such as food and medicines. In Malaysia, 98% of pepper production comes from the state of Sarawak. The National Commodity Policy (2011-2020) targets to increase the pepper plantation area from the current 16,331 ha to 20,110 ha by year 2020. However, pepper diseases remain as a major challenge in the pepper industry. A great number of airborne fungi pathogen may contribute to a significant economic loss in pepper production. Therefore, this study aims to morphologically identify the diversity of fungi obtained from air-borne samples in a pepper planation that are capable of causing pepper plant diseases. This experiment was conducted at a pepper plantation near Lembah Bidong, Kuala Terengganu. An Andersen spore sampler was used to collect the fungi spores. Culture based identification were then made. The study resulted in the identification of four genus of fungi such as Fusarium sp, Fusarium semictectum Fusarium oxysporum, Curvularia sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp. (Ascomycetes). Further molecular identification will confirm the species of fungal pathogens and more understanding of their population as well as severity. Keywords: Pepper, Piper nigrum L., air-borne, fungi, Andersen spore sampler

10.33736/bjrst.2683.2020

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EFFECT OF SILICON NUTRIENT AND SALINITY (ABIOTIC STRESS) ON TOMATO PLANT (Solanum lycopersicum)

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Journal of Undergraduate Research (2021)

NURAAINA ATIQAH AB GHANI ASAMOAH FREDERICK OSEI CHONG SOK LENG Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) imports have increased in Malaysia due to high demand. One of the constraints to local production is excessive salinity in soils that leads to toxicity in crops, reduction in soil fertility and reduction of availability of water to tomato plant that is known to be sensitive to high salinity. Nevertheless, silicon nutrient proven could protect plants from abiotic stress. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the plant growth of tomato plant treated with silicon (Si) under salinity stress and to observe the physical changes of stems. A total of ten treatments (T1 – T10) were applied with different concentrations of silicon: 0.5% Si (v/v), 1.5% Si (v/v), 2.5% Si (v/v), potassium silicate as positive control whereas negative control (only water and 0.5% NaCl) and a mixture of equal volumes of the silicon and potassium silicate treatments with 0.5% NaCl. The treatments were applied once a week (40 ml for each plant pot). Throughout this study, plant growth data was collected (plant height, diameter of stems, time of anthesis, number of fruits, and chlorophyll content). Results showed that with 0.5% Si (v/v) and 1.5% Si (v/v) (with 0.5% NaCl), the tomato plants grow well especially in plant height, number of leaves and chlorophyll contents. Furthermore, cross section of stems showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in stem diameter among treated plants [2.5% potassium silicate (T4), 0.5% Si (v/v) + 0.5% NaCl (T6) and 2.5% potassium silicate + 0.5% NaCl (T9)] and control (0.5% NaCl). However, the largest vascular bundle width was recorded in plants treated with 1.5% Si (v/v). This study has proven that tomato plants could uptake silicon and improve the plant growth under salinity stress conditions and giving potential for Si as biostimulant to other Solanaceae family (potato, pepper and eggplant).

Potassium silicate

Anthesis

10.46754/umtjur.v3i4.236

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Antifungal properties of water extract propolis coating against anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) on strawberry (Fragaria anannassa)

Nurul Athirah Omar Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique Fauziah Tufail Ahmad

Anthracnose is a major pre and post-harvest disease. Due to the consumer concerns of the residual effect of the synthetic fungicide, biocontrol from a natural source is highly required by the consumer to reduce the problem. Propolis is a natural antifungal that can be used as a coating to control fruit quality and postharvest losses. This study evaluated the physical and chemical characteristics of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) induced with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, coated with water extract propolis (WEP) and stored at 5°C. The effect of coating was evaluated with different concentrations of water extract propolis (WEP) which were control, 10%, 12%, and 14%. The post-harvest parameters such as weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), anthocyanin, disease severity index (DSI), and firmness were evaluated at two days interval for 12 days of storage. The highest percentage of inhibition (in vitro) was shown by the highest concentration of WEP (14%). Fruits coated with propolis showed reduced deterioration and infection diameter of fungus, as compared to the control (without coating) which already spoiled at day 4. Strawberry coated with 14% concentration of WEP also showed the highest firmness compared to other treatments. Thus, this coating can be used as an alternative method for bio-control of disease to reduce the post-harvest loss of fresh produce.

Propolis

Fragaria

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Comparative epidemiology of Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa on oilseed rape in the UK

Yongju Huang Georgia Mitrousia Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique Bruce D.L. Fitt

Leptosphaeria maculans

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Growth development and natural infectionincidence of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) onsilicon-treated chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)cultivated in commercial soil

Suhaizan Lob Mohammad Nurazri Mohd Aris Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique Nurul Faziha Ibrahim Xiaolei Jin

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important cultivated crops in Malaysia. It is largely cultivated for its fruits. The application of the chemical fertilizer solely is able to supply the desire nutrient for chilli plant but did not helping in resistant of pathogen attack. Therefore, this study attempts to determine the potential of silicon application on plant growth and disease resistant on treated plants. Chilli seedling were transplanted into individual polybag containing commercial soil and supplied with silicon at 0.5ml/L and 1.5ml/L concentrations for the period of 11 weeks. Control plants were supplied with water instead of silicon nutrient. Assessment was conducted from week 3 to 11 after transplanting. Result showed that the plant growth of chilli treated with both Si nutrient concentrations measured by plant height, leaf number, leaf diameter and stem diameter were significantly better than control plants. Besides, the natural occurrence of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) disease incidence observed on treated chilli were 26.7–44.4% reduced compared to control plants. This study provides the knowledge on the benefit of Silicon application on the cultivated chilli and could possibly help the farmers to produce higher and better quality of yield in the future.

Transplanting

Capsicum annuum

Biofertilizer

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Soluble silicon (Si) as potential treatment of postharvest decay caused by Fusarium proliferatum

A Nur Azlin Z Shuhada J Najwa Xiaolei Jin Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique

Fusarium proliferatum is one of the common causal agents for pre-harvest and post-harvest diseases of plants. This study examined the effectiveness of applying soluble silicon as an alternative treatment in controlling post-harvest disease. In vitro assay was performed by applying poison plate technique with three different Si concentrations; 1.5% Si (v/v), 2.5% Si (v/v) and 3.5% Si (v/v) whereas for in vivo assay, F. proliferatum was inoculated into mature and healthy produce. The cucumber and aubergine were selected for in vivo assay and stored at 27-28°C for 8 days after treatment to assess disease severity. Results showed that Si significantly inhibited mycelial growth of F. proliferatum in vitro and the 3.5% (v/v) of Si was more effective than 1.5% (v/v) and 2.5 (v/v) as it showed a greater percent inhibition of radial growth. Therefore, 3.5% Si (v/v) was chosen for in vivo assay. The soluble Si demonstrated a lower disease severity on both, cucumber and aubergine. However, F. proliferatum is less severe on cucumber (15% decaying) than aubergine (33% decaying). This suggests that the Si may inhibit the germination of fungal spores and the elongation of their germ tubes. There is a potential role of soluble silicon as a decay-control product and could help reduce wastage especially fruit in storage.

Fusarium proliferatum

Cucumis

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Distribution, morphological characterization and pathogenicity of Fusarium sacchari associated with pokkah boeng disease of sugarcane in Peninsular Malaysia

Pertanika journal of tropical agricultural science (2008)

Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainuddin Azmi Abdul Razak Baharuddin Salleh

Pokkah boeng disease on sugarcane has been recorded in almost all countries where sugarcane is grown commercially. The objectives of this study were to survey the distribution of Fusarium sacchari associated with pokkah boeng disease throughout Peninsular Malaysia, to isolate and identify the causal organisms by using morphological characteristics, and to ascertain the pathogenicity of F. sacchari based on Koch’s postulates. A total of 58 strains of F. sacchari were obtained throughout sugarcane plantations, small holders and household compounds within seven states i.e. Kedah, Perlis, Penang, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang and Johor in Peninsular Malaysia. The highest number of F. sacchari strains was obtained from Kedah (48%), followed by Perlis (25%), Penang (3%), Pahang (3%), Kelantan (5%), Terengganu (8%) and Johor (8%). For identification of F. sacchari, carnation leaves agar (CLA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) media were used with emphasis for characterizations of colony features, growth rates, shapes and sizes of macroconidia and microconidia, conidiogeneous cells and chlamydospores. In plant house pathogenicity tests, healthy seedlings of sugarcane cultivar PS-81-362 were inoculated by injection and soaking techniques with conidial suspension (2x10 6 conidia/ ml) of selected strains of F. sacchari, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans. All strains of F. sacchari tested were pathogenic to sugarcane plants with disease severity index (DSI) varying from 0.3 to 5.0 (0 for no visible symptoms and 5 for plants with symptoms of twisted, wrinkled and shortened leaves or death). There were no significant (p>0.05) difference in DSI caused by strains of F. sacchari on variety PS-81-362 for both inoculation techniques, although they were significantly different compared with the control. This knowledge would be invaluable in developing our understanding on the interaction between F. sacchari with the host plants.

Potato dextrose agar

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ANTIFUNGAL PROPERTIES OF WATER EXTRACT PROPOLIS COATING AGAINST ANTHRACNOSE (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) DISEASE ON STRAWBERRY (Fragaria anannassa)

Malaysian Applied Biology (2020)

Nurul Athirah Omar Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique Fauziah Tufail Ahmad

Propolis

Fragaria

10.55230/mabjournal.v49i4.1629

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Effectiveness of Rlm7 resistance against Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) in UK winter oilseed rape cultivars

Plant Pathology (2018)

Georgia Mitrousia Yongju Huang Aiming Qi Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique Bruce D.L. Fitt

The Rlm7 gene in Brassica napus is an important source of resistance for control of phoma stem canker on oilseed rape caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans. This study shows the first report of L. maculans isolates virulent against Rlm7 in the UK. Leptosphaeria maculans isolates virulent against Rlm7 represented 3% of the pathogen population when cultivars with the Rlm7 gene represented 5% of the UK oilseed rape area in 2012/13. However, the Rlm7 gene has been widely used since then, representing >15% of the UK oilseed rape area in 2015/16. Winter oilseed rape field experiments included cultivars with the Rlm7 gene, with the Rlm4 gene or without Rlm genes and took place at five sites in the UK over four cropping seasons. An increase in phoma leaf spotting severity on Rlm7 cultivars in successive seasons was observed. Major resistance genes played a role in preventing severe phoma leaf spotting at the beginning of the cropping season and, in addition, quantitative resistance (QR) in the cultivars examined made an important contribution to control of phoma stem canker development at the end of the cropping season. Deployment of the Rlm7 resistance gene against L. maculans in cultivars with QR in combination with sustainable disease management practices will prolong the use of this gene for effective control of phoma stem canker epidemics.

Leptosphaeria maculans

Phoma

Canker

Blackleg

10.1111/ppa.12845

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Citations (13)

EFFECT OF SILICON NUTRIENT AND SALINITY (ABIOTIC STRESS) ON TOMATO PLANT (Solanum lycopersicum)

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Journal of Undergraduate Research (2021)

NURAAINA ATIQAH AB GHANI ASAMOAH FREDERICK OSEI CHONG SOK LENG Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique

10.46754/umtjur.2021.10.005

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