J. M. Peacock

International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas

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Co-Authors

P. Soman

Jain Irrigation Systems (India)

Robin Matthews

Kingston University

L. van Rensburg

University of the Free State

S.N. Azam-Ali

University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus

A. J. PARKER

University of Manchester

J. A. Hockey

University of Manchester

P. G. Ashmore

British Columbia Children's Hospital

P. S. Raju

Defence Research Laboratory

F. R. Bidinger

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

D.J. Flower

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

Cooperative Institutions

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas

Oregon State University

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

University of Bern

Utrecht University

Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz Y Trigo

University of British Columbia

Agricultural Research Service

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Microclimate, Canopy Structure and Photosynthesis in Canopies of Three Contrasting Temperate Forage Grasses: II. Microclimate and Canopy Structure

Annals of Botany (1977)

J. E. SHEEHY A. WINDRAM J. M. Peacock

Profiles of shortwave radiation, net radiation and temperature were measured in swards of three grasses of contrasting structure Lolium perenne cv. S24, L. perenne cv. Reveille and Festuca arundinacea cv. S170. Measurements were also made of the reflection of shortwave radiation, leaf water potential and stomatal resistance. Differences in canopy structure influenced the absorption and reflection of radiation by the varieties. The absorption of net radiation and its influence on air temperature inside the canopy was shown to vary with canopy structure. Calculations showed that diurnal changes in the reflection and transmission of light (400–700 nm) would have little effect on canopy photosynthesis. No clear relationship between leaf extension rate, temperature and leaf water potential could be established, although decreases in water potential did appear to reduce the potential response of leaf extension rate to temperature.

Festuca arundinacea

Microclimate

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a085327

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Citations (8)

Plant Science in the 1990s

Functional Plant Biology (1991)

J. M. Peacock

Functional Plant Biology is an international journal of plant function publishing high quality research papers in all areas of plant physiology, applied agricultural research and pure molecular biology

Plant science

10.1071/pp9910439

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Citations (3)

The oxidation of propene over bismuth oxide, molybdenum oxide and bismuth molybdate catalysts

Journal of Catalysis (1969)

J. M. Peacock A. J. PARKER P. G. Ashmore J. A. Hockey

Propene

Bismuth

10.1016/0021-9517(69)90308-x

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Citations (41)

Evaluation of Techniques to Screen for Drought Resistance in Sorghum Seedlings

Turrialba (1989)

R. Maiti P. S. Raju B V S Reddy J. M. Peacock

Different techniques for inducing water stress were evaluated in semi-controlled conditions in a glass house and the field to study the effects o f increasing soil moisture deficits on seedling growth o f sorghum (Sorghum bicolor

Wilting

Sorghum bicolor

Drought Resistance

Moisture stress

Drought stress

Water Stress

Drought Tolerance

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Citations (1)

Role of Heat Girdling in Early Seedling Death of Sorghum

Crop Science (1990)

J. M. Peacock William B. Miller Kaoru Matsuda David L. Robinson

High soil temperatures (>45 °C) can inhibit the field establishment of sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) seedlings in the semi‐arid tropics even when adequate soil moisture is present. The objective of this study was to demonstrate an apparatus for simulating this situation under controlled conditions. The apparatus applies a high temperature localized near the leaf intercalary meristem while maintaining an adequately moist root environment. With this technique, we tested the hypothesis that seedling death may be due to a heat‐girdling, leading to restricted translocation of carbohydrates to the root. Exposure of 10‐d‐old sorghum seedlings to heatgirdling temperatures of 52 ± 2 °C caused complete cessation of leaf elongation. At the same time, shoot carbohydrate concentrations increased while root carbohydrates declined, indicating that phloem transport from the shoot to the root may have been blocked or restricted. During the first 173 h of stress, turgor of both expanded leaves and leaf growing regions (basal 1 cm of leaf tissue) increased, indicating a favorable water balance in the seedlings. After 198 h of heat‐girdling, seedlings died. The apparatus we developed should prove useful for the large scale screening of seedlings for resistance to high soil surface temperatures.

Girdling

Aerial root

Plantlet

Root system

10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183x003000010031x

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Citations (25)

Physiological basis for increasing and stablising yield under drought in sorghum

N. Seetharama M. V. K. Sivakumar F. R. Bidinger Sardar Singh R K Maiti

Although drought causes more yield losses than combined effect of all biotic stress factors, the progress in increasing yield under water-limited conditions is small. Major reasons for slow progress are listed and the relationships between crop productivity and drought resistance are examined. Adapations to drought in sorghum are discussed in order of their utility in the immediate future: phenological, morphological, physiological and biochemical. Results of interdisciplinary research in understanding drought resistance are discussed with respect to available screening methods, genetic variability and breeding methods. Breeding and managment strategies should be aimed at increasing transpirational water use throughout the season and decreasing injury caused by drought.

Drought Resistance

Drought Tolerance

Drought stress

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Citations (3)

Temperature and Leaf Growth in Four Grass Species

Journal of Applied Ecology (1976)

J. M. Peacock

10.2307/2401942

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Citations (68)

Desert Forages of the Arabian Peninsula - The Conservation and Utilization of Biodiversity for Sustainable Animal Production in the United Arab Emirates

Taylor & Francis eBooks (2003)

Morag Ferguson R Karnik J. M. Peacock Ghaleb Alhadrami Ali Saleh

Peninsula

Sustainable Production

Desert (philosophy)

10.1201/noe9058095718.ch15

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Citations (2)

Effect of Heat and Drought Stress on Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor). II. Grain Yield

Experimental Agriculture (1993)

Peter Craufurd J. M. Peacock

Summary Three early and four later flowering lines of sorghum were subjected to three drought stress treatments (early, late and early plus late stress) in the field during the dry season at Hyderabad in India. Mean diurnal temperature and evaporation rate were uniformly high throughout the experiment. The late and early plus late stress conditions were severe, while the early stress was mild. Grain yield was affected by both the timing and the severity of the stress. The largest reduction (87%) in grain yield resulted from stress imposed during booting and flowering (late stress) in the early flowering lines; the same stress treatment on vegetative plants had no effect on grain yield. Increasing the duration of severe stress on vegetative plants (early plus late stress) reduced grain yield by 50–60%. Grain yield was strongly and positively correlated with the number of grains m -2 . Variation in grain yield was associated with variation in total dry matter rather than with harvest index, which was only reduced when stress occurred at flowering. Treatment effects on thermal growth rates (g m -2 °Cd -1 ) during the phase from booting to flowering confirmed that growth during this phase is the major determinant of yield potential (number of grains). The importance of phonology in research into drought resistance is discussed.

Drought stress

10.1017/s0014479700020421

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Citations (139)

Response and Tolerance of Sorghum to Temperature Stress

J. M. Peacock

Before attempting to address this subject it is important to define what is understood by temperature stress. It is a complex subject which has recently been reviewed in three books (Lyons et al. 1979; Levitt 1980; Turner and Kramer 1980) therefore definitions and details of the physiological and biochemical processes associated with temperature stress will not be given here. In brief, however, a quantitative definition of temperature stress in sorghum, as in any crop, is difficult to provide since it will depend on a number of factors :ich will include the duration of exposure of either high or low temperature, the activity or stage of growth of the exposed tissue and finally the thermal adaptation of the particular sorghum cultivar.

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Citations (47)