Muhammad Sajid

Shenzhen University

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Yasar Ayaz

National University of Sciences and Technology

Emad Uddin

National University of Sciences and Technology

Sara Ali

National University of Sciences and Technology

Zaib Ali

National University of Sciences and Technology

Umer Asgher

National University of Sciences and Technology

Khawaja Fahad Iqbal

National University of Sciences and Technology

Usman Latif

National University of Sciences and Technology

Kamran Ahsan

Federal Urdu University

Muhammad Aamir

Huanggang Normal University

Gohar Shoukat

University College Dublin

Cooperative Institutions

National University of Sciences and Technology

COMSATS University Islamabad

University of the Sciences

Quaid-i-Azam University

International Islamic University, Islamabad

University of Agriculture Faisalabad

Chongqing University

Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan

Riphah International University

University of Engineering and Technology Lahore

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Techno-Economic Analysis of Vacuum Membrane Distillation for Seawater Desalination

Membranes (2023)

Hassaan Idrees Sara Ali Muhammad Sajid Muhammad Rashid Khawaja Fahad Iqbal

Seawater desalination is an affordable and viable solution to the growing freshwater scarcity problem in water scarce regions. The current study focuses on cost analysis of Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD) setup for removing salts from water. The membrane used in the flat sheet VMD module was Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with 250 mm × 200 mm dimensions and 165 µm thickness. The experiments were carried out with variations in parameters such as velocity, pressure, concentration, and temperature. For the cost analysis, the operational, maintenance, instrumentation, and capital cost of the lab model was considered and then upscaled. A range of experiments was performed for NaCl and KCl under variations of operating parameters. It was noted that, for the NaCl solution, the increase in temperature from 50 °C to 70 °C doubled the permeate flux. However, for the conditions tested, the concentration shift from 0.25 M to 0.75 M decreased the permeate flux by 1.4% because the increase in ion concentrations along the membrane lowers the vapor pressure, restricting the permeate flux. The results trend for the KCl solution was similar to the NaCl; at temperature T1, it was noted that increased concentration from 0.25 M to 0.75 M significantly reduces the permeate flow. The reduction in permeate flow was nonlinear for a given pressure 30 kPa and velocity 5.22 m/s, but linear for all other variables. It was also observed that with an increase in temperature from 60 °C to 70 °C, the permeate flux for concentration 0.25 M was 49% for all the combinations of pressure and velocity. In addition, permeate flow increased 53% from temperature 50 °C to 60 °C and 49% from temperature 60 °C to 70 °C for both the solutions at a concentration of 0.25 M. This shows that the temperature also had a profound impact on the permeate flux. The economic analysis and market survey shows that the cost of clean water at the lab level was high which can be significantly reduced using a large-scale setup providing 1,000,000 L/H of distilled water.

Membrane Distillation

10.3390/membranes13030339

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Citations (6)

Forecasting Cotton Whitefly Population Using Deep Learning

Journal of Computing & Biomedical Informatics (2022)

Abdul Majid Soomro Awad Bin Naeem Khuram Shahzad Abdul Mustaan Madni Armado Dacalap Del Mundo

Agricultural is the primary source on which a country's economy depends. Pakistan is the world's fourth-largest cotton producer, making it one of its top cash crops. They can't figure out what sort of cotton is best for their climate because of government regulations, crop risks, and a low literacy rate among the general public and farmers. Using a model that considers temperature, this system attempts to describe the different types of plants. More than anything else, the pest's population is concerned with its diversity, how the weather affects its population, and when it is high or low. The primary purpose of this study was to develop a framework that can handle the complex process of the population of cotton white fly. Our main aim was to know the population of insects with their eggs and with their parents. And another purpose is to find out information about the variety with a low population of insects. To get early knowledge about the people against the temperature. So, cotton yield could be increased, and fewer chemicals should be used. Therefore, farmers' income could be improved. So, we will make the best model for predicting whiteflies on cotton ARIMAX. This model's accuracy was nearly on par with the statistical forecasting models. Because ARIMAX is a statistical model, it may also be used for forecasting.

Cash crop

10.56979/401/2022/67

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Citations (4)

Enterprise Architecture for Healthcare Organizations

Muhammad Sajid Kamran Ahsan

Enterprise architecture (EA) plays significant role in public, private as well as other organizational systems, such as health care organizations , educational institute, cloud computing and e-government. EA can be use in any organization where IT and organization functionality (business functions) alignments are required. This paper investigates the role of EA in healthcare organizations. Finally a better framework for creating integrated healthcare information EA model is suggested. The proposed framework is obviously suitable for different level of health organizations including the small, medium and large size. Moreover the framework is both suitable for the newly developed organization, as well as already developed organization.

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Genetic analysis of honey bee, Apis dorsata populations using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

Journal of King Saud University - Science (2020)

Samina Qamer Amal A. Al-Abbadi Muhammad Sajid Farkhanda Asad Muhammad Fiaz Khan

The study was planned to evaluate the genetic variation and migration rate among the two populations of giant honey bees "Apis dorsata" from two districts i-e Nankana and Narowal from Punjab, Pakistan at molecular level by using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic (RAPD) DNA marker technique. Worker bee samples of A.dorsata were collected from five different sites of two districts each. Then, DNA was extracted. The data obtained after ten oligonucleotides RAPD primer usage for Polymerase Chain Reaction amplification was subjected to POPGENE (Population Genetic Analysis) software for analysis. The number of amplifications products per primer varied from 5 to 8 bands with molecular weight ranging from 200 to 300 bp with normally 5 bands each primer. Mostly, all the samples showed monomorphic bands except for few samples (Nan1, Nar1 and Nar5). Genetic diversity ranged from 0.147 in Nankana (Nm = 3.356) to 0.181 in Narowal (Nm = 3.751), with total heterozygosity 0.452 (Nm = 0.452). Dendrogram revealed two groups; interestingly Narowal sample, Nar1 showed close relatedness with Nankana samples. The results indicate that there is low level of genetic variation both in and between A. dorsata populations from Nankana and Narowal. In addition, Nm value shows that there is quite small level of migration existed. Further genetic investigations including gene flow and genetic affinity are needed to preserve the biodiversity of A. dorosata of these areas to preserve the biodiversity of the endemic races of honey bees in south East Asian region.

Primer (cosmetics)

Dendrogram

Genetic Variability

Molecular marker

10.1016/j.jksus.2020.10.015

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Investigation of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Microchannel Heat Sink Using Al2O3 and ZrO2 Nanofluids

Nanomaterials (2020)

Muhammad Zia Ullah Khan Emad Uddin Bilal Akbar Naveed Akram Ali Ammar Naqvi

A new micro heat exchanger was analyzed using numerical formulation of conjugate heat transfer for single-phase fluid flow across copper microchannels. The flow across bent channels harnesses asymmetric laminar flow and dean vortices phenomena for heat transfer enhancement. The single-channel analysis was performed to select the bent channel aspect ratio by varying width and height between 35–300 μm for Reynolds number and base temperature magnitude range of 100–1000 and 320–370 K, respectively. The bent channel results demonstrate dean vortices phenomenon at the bend for Reynolds number of 500 and above. Thermal performance factor analysis shows an increase of 18% in comparison to straight channels of 200 μm width and height. Alumina nanoparticles at 1% and 3% concentration enhance the Nusselt number by an average of 10.4% and 23.7%, respectively, whereas zirconia enhances Nusselt number by 16% and 33.9% for same concentrations. On the other hand, thermal performance factor analysis shows a significant increase in pressure drop at high Reynolds number with 3% particle concentration. Using zirconia for nanofluid, Nusselt number of the bent multi-channel model is improved by an average of 18% for a 3% particle concentration as compared to bent channel with deionized water.

Microchannel

10.3390/nano10091796

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Citations (22)

Understanding the Structure and Structural Effects on the Properties of Blast Furnace Slag (BFS)

ISIJ International (2019)

Muhammad Sajid Chenguang Bai Muhammad Aamir Zhixiong You Zhiming Yan

Evolving knowledge of the structure and physical properties of metallurgical slags is summarized in current review. Slag structure, compositional effects, role of cations in structural modifications, parameters used to represent the structure, structural analysis techniques and effects of structure on properties of blast furnace slag (BFS) studied in details. The basicity, polymerization (Q) or depolymerization (NBO/T), optical basicity, Qn values, concentrations of bridging O's (Oo), non-bridging O's (O−) and free O's (O2−) in slag are useful to represent the structure of slag. Methods and techniques utilized to study the slags are also discussed. The BFS is characterized by using X-ray Diffraction and Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy. The physical properties such as surface tension, viscosity, density, thermal expansion and diffusion, electrical conductivity and resistivity of slags are reviewed thoroughly which are heavily dependent on structure of slag. Viscosity is affected by polymerization or depolymerization of slag structure and cation size; electrical resistivity depends on Q, size of cations and number of available cations; thermal expansion depends on Q and cation field strength (i.e. z/r2); thermal conductivity is linked with rigidity of slag network which is also dependent on Q and metal-oxygen (M–O) bond strength. Degree of polymerization or depolymerization of slag structure also effect the surface and interfacial tension, it decreases as metal-oxygen (M–O) bond strengths (i.e. z/r2, cation field strength) decrease.

Depolymerization

Slag (welding)

10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2018-453

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Citations (51)

Forecasting hydrogen production potential in islamabad from solar energy using water electrolysis

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2020)

Syed Altan Haider Muhammad Sajid Saeed Iqbal

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.10.059

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Citations (66)

An experimental investigation on the novel hybrid indirect direct evaporative cooling system

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer (2024)

Ibrahim Khan Waqas Khalid Hafız Muhammad Ali Muhammad Sajid Zaib Ali

Evaporative cooler

10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.107503

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Citations (5)

Smooth Gait Generation for Quadrupedal Robots Based on Genetic Algorithm Optimization

Zainullah Khan Farhat Naseer Khawaja Fahad Iqbal Sara Ali Muhammad Sajid

Gait generation is the process of finding a sequence of robot leg movements, which propel the robot in the desired direction when executed in a certain order. It is an optimization problem where multiple parameters need to be tuned in order to generate an optimal gait. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to improve the gait quality of a quadrupedal robot. In our proposed technique, we create an optimal fitness function for a Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimizer and use a trapezoidal velocity profile for joint movements. Our quadrupedal robot consists of 8 joints, 2 per leg. All joints are actuated by servo motors. The robot joints are controlled using a single layer Artificial Neural Network (ANN) whose inputs are the current robot joint angles and outputs are the target joint angles. The ANN is called every time the joints reach their target positions. A GA is used to optimize the ANN weights. The GA runs for a total of 100 generations over a population size of 10. The fitness function is a combination of the total distance traveled by the robot, and a scaling factor for the fitness value based on the overall joint movements. This discourages the GA from optimizing gaits that tend to an idle state. The controllers are selected based on how well they maximize the fitness function. The simulation of the robot is carried out in Open Dynamics Engine (ODE). The results show that the proposed technique considerably improves the overall fitness of the gait and the total distance traveled by the robot. Moreover, the proposed technique converges to an optimal gait in under 20 generations whereas the existing method takes over 40 generations. Furthermore, the robot joint movement is much smoother in the proposed method hence reducing the jerking in the robot motion.

10.1109/icai55435.2022.9773617

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An overview of cooling of thermoelectric devices

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2017)

Muhammad Sajid Ibrahim Hassan Mohammad Azizur Rahman

Thermoelectric generator

Thermoelectric cooling

Energy transformation

10.1016/j.rser.2017.04.098

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Citations (127)