Pedro Patric Pinho Morais

Universidade Federal de Viçosa

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Jefferson Luís Meirelles Coimbra

Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina

Altamir Frederico Guidolin

Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina

Luciano Rogério Braatz de Andrade

Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation

Roberto Fritsche‐Neto

Louisiana State University Agricultural Center

Diego Stähelin

Petrobras (Brazil)

Mario Alvaro Aloisio Veríssimo

Universidade Federal do Paraná

ÍS

Ítalo Stefanine Correia Granato

Institut Agro Montpellier

Filipe Couto Alves

Universidade de São Paulo

Aluízio Borém

Universidade Federal de Viçosa

Danilo Hottis Lyra

Rothamsted Research

Cooperative Institutions

Universidade de São Paulo

Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina

Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation

Universidade Federal de Viçosa

Planta

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Cornell University

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Universidade Estadual de Maringá

Universidade Federal de Lavras

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Yield components and reproductive, physiological, and root traits used in early selection for nitrogen use efficiency in corn

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira (2018)

Pedro Patric Pinho Morais Massáine Bandeira e Sousa Giovanni Galli Luciano Rogério Braatz de Andrade Roberto Fritsche‐Neto

Abstract: The objective of this work was to examine the possibility of using yield components and reproductive, physiological, and root traits in early selection for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in corn. Sixty-four inbred lines were evaluated under two nitrogen fertilization levels: ideal and low. The evaluations were performed at three phenological stages: eight fully-expanded leaves, tasseling stage, and physiological maturity. It is possible to select superior lines for NUE, but the yield components did not show differential behavior under the different nitrogen levels evaluated. Root, reproductive, and physiological traits are not promising for early selection of corn lines with high NUE. Likewise, the eight-leaves and tasseling stages were not promising for this purpose, since NUE should be estimated taking grain yield into account. However, indirect selection for NUE can be performed via number of ears or using the selection index considering number and weight of ears.

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000500011

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Correlação fenotípica entre componentes do rendimento de grãos de feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Semina Ciências Agrárias (2011)

Leiri Daiane Barli Naine Martins do Vale Pedro Patric Pinho Morais Joana Neres da Cruz Baldissera Carmelice Boff de Almeida

This study aimed to identify which is the main component of grain yield of bean that that shows less sensitivity effect of the environment, and provides greater consistency in the expression of results when evaluated in different environments. Experimental data used in the analysis are derived from test of Cultivate and Use Value (VCU) conducted in Lages SC and Chapecó SC, South of Brazil. Thecharacters observed were the final stand of plants, number of pods per plant; number of grains per pod, seed mass (g 1000 seed-1) and grain yield (kg ha-1). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with four replications. Estimates of phenotypic correlations were obtained by the method proposed by STEEL and TORRIE and partitioned into direct and indirect effects through path analysis. The inverse correlation was obtained for the characters of seed mass and grain number per pod, revealing that they should be selected together to obtain gains in the yield character. When the selection is aimed at grain production, for Chapecó-SC the characteristic of seed mass can be used, where as in Lages-SC the character number of grains per pod is more appropriate. Characters seed mass and number of vegetable per pod showed high stability during the unfolding of the path coefficients, showing that they can be used in selecting genotypes with higher grain yield in different environments.

Path coefficient

10.5433/1679-0359.2011v32n4p1263

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Rendimento de grãos de genótipos de mamona, semeados em três épocas, no Planalto Catarinense

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (2014)

Mario Alvaro Aloisio Veríssimo Sérgio Delmar dos Anjos e Silva Diego Stähelin Pedro Patric Pinho Morais Jefferson Luís Meirelles Coimbra

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Optimizing Genomic-Enabled Prediction in Small-Scale Maize Hybrid Breeding Programs: A Roadmap Review

Frontiers in Plant Science (2021)

Roberto Fritsche‐Neto Giovanni Galli Karina Lima Reis Borges Germano Costa‐Neto Filipe Couto Alves

The usefulness of genomic prediction (GP) for many animal and plant breeding programs has been highlighted for many studies in the last 20 years. In maize breeding programs, mostly dedicated to delivering more highly adapted and productive hybrids, this approach has been proved successful for both large- and small-scale breeding programs worldwide. Here, we present some of the strategies developed to improve the accuracy of GP in tropical maize, focusing on its use under low budget and small-scale conditions achieved for most of the hybrid breeding programs in developing countries. We highlight the most important outcomes obtained by the University of São Paulo (USP, Brazil) and how they can improve the accuracy of prediction in tropical maize hybrids. Our roadmap starts with the efforts for germplasm characterization, moving on to the practices for mating design, and the selection of the genotypes that are used to compose the training population in field phenotyping trials. Factors including population structure and the importance of non-additive effects (dominance and epistasis) controlling the desired trait are also outlined. Finally, we explain how the source of the molecular markers, environmental, and the modeling of genotype–environment interaction can affect the accuracy of GP. Results of 7 years of research in a public maize hybrid breeding program under tropical conditions are discussed, and with the great advances that have been made, we find that what is yet to come is exciting. The use of open-source software for the quality control of molecular markers, implementing GP, and envirotyping pipelines may reduce costs in an efficient computational manner. We conclude that exploring new models/tools using high-throughput phenotyping data along with large-scale envirotyping may bring more resolution and realism when predicting genotype performances. Despite the initial costs, mostly for genotyping, the GP platforms in combination with these other data sources can be a cost-effective approach for predicting the performance of maize hybrids for a large set of growing conditions.

Genomic Selection

Germ plasm

Epistasis

Trait

Breeding program

Plant Breeding

10.3389/fpls.2021.658267

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Influência do período e das condições de armazenamento de feijão no tempo de cocção

Ciência Agronômica/Revista ciência agronômica (2010)

Pedro Patric Pinho Morais Giseli Valentini Altamir Frederico Guidolin Joana Neres da Cruz Baldissera Jefferson Luís Meirelles Coimbra

A utilização de técnicas adequadas de armazenamento permite a conservação da qualidade nutricional e tecnológica dos grãos por períodos prolongados. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes condições e tempos de armazenamento no caráter tempo de cocção dos grãos de feijão. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco períodos de armazenamento (0; 45; 90; 180 e 360 dias) em quatro condições de armazenamento (1: embalagem de polietileno em câmara fria; 2: embalagem de polietileno em temperatura ambiente; 3: papel em câmara fria; 4: papel em temperatura ambiente), para dois genótipos (BRS Supremo e Pérola), dispostos em fatorial 5 x 4 x 2, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foi realizado o teste de cocção para cada unidade experimental e sendo submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F. A análise de variância revelou efeito significativo para a interação tripla entre os fatores genótipo, condição de armazenamento e tempo de armazenamento (G x C x A). Em condição de câmara fria, o tempo de cocção manteve-se constante durante o período avaliado, independentemente da embalagem utilizada. O tempo de cocção dos grãos de feijão aumenta com o tempo de armazenamento em temperatura ambiente, porém, o ritmo de aumento do tempo de cocção é menor quando os grãos são armazenados em condições herméticas.

10.1590/s1806-66902010000400011

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Seleção precoce em plantas segregantes de feijoeiro para resistência à murcha de Curtobacterium

Revista CERES (2012)

Pedro Patric Pinho Morais Diego Toaldo Luciano Rogério Braatz de Andrade Altamir Frederico Guidolin Jefferson Luís Meirelles Coimbra

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar a eficiência da seleção, em populações segregantes de feijoeiro, para a resistência à murcha de Curtobacterium, e indicar o melhor período do ciclo da cultura para se proceder à seleção das plantas resistentes. Foram realizados os cruzamentos convergentes IAC-Carioca Aruã x SCS Guará, IAC-Carioca Pyatã x SCS Guará e IAC-Carioca Pyatã x Pérola, dando origem às gerações F1, F2, F2:3, F3:4, que foram inoculadas com Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens isolado 2634. A resistência foi avaliada segundo escala de notas referentes aos sintomas comuns da doença aos 20, 40 e 60 dias após a inoculação. Os resultados indicaram que as gerações segregantes de Aruã x Guará, Pyatã x Guará e Pyatã x Pérola possuem comportamento semelhante em relação à resistência aos sintomas da murcha de Curtobacterium. A seleção foi efetiva para as gerações oriundas de Aruã x Guará e Pyatã x Pérola e o período entre 40 e 60 dias após a inoculação é o mais adequado para seleção de plantas segregantes para resistência.

10.1590/s0034-737x2012000600010

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Using public databases for genomic prediction of tropical maize lines dataset

Figshare (2021)

Pedro Patric Pinho Morais Deniz Akdemir Luciano Rogério Braatz de Andrade Jean‐Luc Jannink Roberto Fritsche‐Neto

Throughout this dataset we proposed a hypothetical and realistic scenario in order to apply Genomic Selection (GS) - use of a limited budget and the need to increase genetic variability. To reach that we tested the feasibility of using genomic and phenotypic information from public databases for prediction of tropical maize inbred lines, seeking to identify how the population structure, the use of optimized training sets (OTS), and the amount of information coming from public databases affect the predictive ability. The results were encouraging, opening up possibilities to others replicate the same approach with diferent crops or dataset.

10.6084/m9.figshare.5525263

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Resíduos de glifosato eácido aminometilfosfônico (AMPA) em culturas de soja, milho e algodão geneticamente modificados tolerantes ao glifosato

Ciência Rural (2021)

Nádia Regina Rodrigues Ana Paula Ferreira de Souza Pedro Patric Pinho Morais Daniella Pascon Vianna Braga Augusto César Crivellari

EnglishGlyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide capable of controlling a wide range of weed. It uses could cause the occurrence of residues in conventional or genetically modified crops. For this purpose, grains (soybean and corn) and cotton seeds were sampled from commercial areas in 2012/2013 to 2017/2018 seasons in different Brazilian agricultural regions to monitor glyphosate residues levels and its metabolite (aminomethylphosphonic acid - AMPA) after different managements. The glyphosate residues levels in genetically modified corn (GM) ranged from no detected (ND) to 0.15 mg kg-1, in GM soybean values ranged from ND to 2.81 mg kg-1 and in GM cotton ranged from ND to 1.78 mg kg-1. AMPA residues levels indicated a correlation with the glyphosate residues. Glyphosate residues levels in soybean and corn grains and cotton seeds were within the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) established by ANVISA and Codex Alimentarius portuguesO glifosato e um herbicida de amplo espectro capaz de controlar uma grande diversidade de ervas daninhas e seu uso pode acarretar na ocorrencia de residuos, seja em culturas convencionais ou geneticamente modificadas. Sendo assim, amostragens de graos de soja e milho e de sementes de algodao foram realizadas em areas comerciais nas safras de 2012/2013 a 2017/2018 em diferentes regioes agricolas brasileiras com o objetivo de monitorar os niveis de residuos de glifosato e seu metabolito (acido aminometilfosfonico - AMPA) apos diferentes manejos. Os niveis de residuos de glifosato em milho geneticamente modificados (GM) tolerante ao glifosato variaram desde nao detectados (ND) a ate 0,15 mg kg-1, em soja GM tolerante ao glifosato os valores variaram de ND a 2,81 mg kg-1 e em algodao GM tolerante ao glifosato os resultados se estabeleceram entre ND a 1,78 mg kg-1. Os valores de residuos de AMPA indicaram correlacao com os residuos de glifosato. Os niveis de residuos de glifosato em graos de soja e milho e sementes de algodao ficaram dentro dos Limites Maximos de Residuos (LMRs) preconizados pela ANVISA e Codex Alimentarius.

Aminomethylphosphonic acid

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Genetic Vulnerability and the Relationship of Commercial Germplasms of Maize in Brazil with the Nested Association Mapping Parents

PLoS ONE (2016)

Luciano Rogério Braatz de Andrade Roberto Fritsche‐Neto Ítalo Stefanine Correia Granato Gustavo César Sant’Ana Pedro Patric Pinho Morais

A few breeding companies dominate the maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid market in Brazil: Monsanto® (35%), DuPont Pioneer® (30%), Dow Agrosciences® (15%), Syngenta® (10%) and Helix Sementes (4%). Therefore, it is important to monitor the genetic diversity in commercial germplasms as breeding practices, registration and marketing of new cultivars can lead to a significant reduction of the genetic diversity. Reduced genetic variation may lead to crop vulnerabilities, food insecurity and limited genetic gains following selection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic vulnerability risk by examining the relationship between the commercial Brazilian maize germplasms and the Nested Association Mapping (NAM) Parents. For this purpose, we used the commercial hybrids with the largest market share in Brazil and the NAM parents. The hybrids were genotyped for 768 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), using the Illumina Goldengate® platform. The NAM parent genomic data, comprising 1,536 SNPs for each line, were obtained from the Panzea data bank. The population structure, genetic diversity and the correlation between allele frequencies were analyzed. Based on the estimated effective population size and genetic variability, it was found that there is a low risk of genetic vulnerability in the commercial Brazilian maize germplasms. However, the genetic diversity is lower than those found in the NAM parents. Furthermore, the Brazilian germplasms presented no close relations with most NAM parents, except B73. This indicates that B73, or its heterotic group (Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic), contributed to the development of the commercial Brazilian germplasms.

Germ plasm

10.1371/journal.pone.0163739

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Controle biológico do ácaro rajado tetranychus urticae (koch, 1936) (acari: tetranychidae) em morangueiro em cultivo protegido.

Pedro Patric Pinho Morais M. A. B. Morandi Rodolfo Armando de Almeida Pereira L. B. Costa

O morango e de grande importância socioeconomica, pois gera muita mao de obra. O acaro rajado e uma das principais pragas da cultura. Em alta populacao pode reduzir a producao em ate 80% ou causar a morte da planta. O principal metodo de controle e o quimico, porem em muitos casos este e ineficiente, principalmente devido ao desenvolvimento de populacoes do acaro resistentes. O uso inadequado de acaricidas tambem contribui para o reaparecimento da praga, devido a eliminacao dos inimigos naturais. Entre as alternativas de controle, destacam-se o uso de fungos entomopatogenicos, como Beuaveria bassiana e os acaros predadores Neoseiulus californicus e Phytoseiulus macropilis. Objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica populacional dos dois acaros predadores na presenca de T. urticae em morango e comparar a eficiencia de controle dos predadores com acaricida e com um inseticida biologico a base de B. bassiana. Verificou-se diferenca significativa (pLSD, 5%) nas areas abaixo das curvas da flutuacao populacional da fase movel do acaro rajado (AACP), nos tratamentos Pm (Phytoseiulus macropilis), Nc (Neoseiulus califrnicus) e acaricida. Os tratamentos Pm+Nc (P. macropilis + N. californicus) e Beauveria bassiana nao diferiram da testemunha. Na fase de ovo nao houve diferenca entre os tratamentos. Apesar de a populacao de T. urticae ter sido naturalmente reduzida observou-se que a presenca dos acaros predadores P. macropilis e N. californicus contribuiram para a reducao fase movel da praga nos primeiros 24 dias. O acaricida foi eficiente na reducao inicial da populacao da praga, porem permitiu a reinfestacao apos 31 dias.

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