Stefan Hinteregger

Graz University of Technology

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Klaus Witrisal

Graz University of Technology

Erik Leitinger

Graz University of Technology

Josef Kulmer

Graz University of Technology

Paul Meissner

Infineon Technologies (Austria)

Michael Rath

Graz University of Technology

Holger Arthaber

TU Wien

Florian Galler

TU Wien

Bernhard Großwindhager

Graz University of Technology

Mustafa S. Bakr

University of Oxford

Kay Römer

Graz University of Technology

Cooperative Institutions

Graz University of Technology

TU Wien

Institut für Informationsverarbeitung

Signal Processing (United States)

Christian Doppler Laboratory for Thermoelectricity

University of California, San Diego

Infineon Technologies (Austria)

Applied Radar (United States)

Institut für Technische und Angewandte Physik (Germany)

Institute of Informatics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences

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UHF-RFID backscatter channel analysis for accurate wideband ranging

Stefan Hinteregger Josef Kulmer Michael Göller Florian Galler Holger Arthaber

Positioning and ranging within UHF RFID are highly dependent on the channel characteristics. The accuracy of time-of-flight based ranging systems is fundamentally limited by the available bandwidth. This paper first analyzes the UHF RFID backscatter channel formed by convolution of the individual constituent channels. For this purpose, we present comprehensive wideband channel measurements in two representative scenarios and an analysis with respect to the Rician K-factor for the line-of-sight component, the root-mean-square delay spread, and the coherence distance, which all influence the potential positioning performance. Based on these measurements, we validate the Cramér Rao lower bound for time-of-flight based ranging under the influence of dense multipath and present two types of range estimators, a maximum likelihood and a matched filter approach. The resulting range estimates highlight the need for an increased bandwidth for UHF RFID systems with respect to time-of-flight based ranging.

Ranging

Wideband

10.1109/rfid.2017.7945596

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Citations (12)

Cooperative localization and tracking using multipath channel information

Josef Kulmer Erik Leitinger Paul Meissner Stefan Hinteregger Klaus Witrisal

Indoor environments are characterized by harsh multipath conditions. Multipath-assisted indoor navigation and tracking (MINT) exploits position-related features of the propagation channel to improve its accuracy and robustness. In this work we introduce an anchor-free, cooperative MINT algorithm. The algorithm uses monostatic and bistatic (cooperative) measurements conducted by the agents. The estimated multipath components are associated to virtual anchors exploiting their position-related information. We present a proof-of-concept using data from an ultra-wideband measurement campaign, reaching a position accuracy better than 6 cm for 90% of the measurement points.

Robustness

Position (finance)

Wideband

Tracking (education)

10.1109/icl-gnss.2016.7533692

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Citations (11)

Bandwidth Scaling and Diversity Gain for Ranging and Positioning in Dense Multipath Channels

IEEE Wireless Communications Letters (2016)

Klaus Witrisal Erik Leitinger Stefan Hinteregger Paul Meissner

The Cramér-Rao lower bound on the ranging error variance is revisited to quantify the influence of dense multipath in indoor environments. Our analytical results yield novel insight on the scaling of the ranging and positioning accuracy as a function of bandwidth and number of diversity branches. It also yields insight on the detectability of the useful line-of-sight signal component. It is found that the Fisher information scales faster than quadratically in bandwidth but only linearly in the number of independent diversity branches. We investigate the entire bandwidth-range from the flat-fading narrowband case up to ultra-wideband.

Ranging

Narrowband

Wideband

Diversity scheme

10.1109/lwc.2016.2569087

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Citations (40)

Bayesian Multipath Channel Estimation Considering Dense Multipath

Stefan Hinteregger Erik Leitinger Klaus Witrisal

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Citations (2)

MIMO gain and bandwidth scaling for RFID positioning in dense multipath channels

Stefan Hinteregger Erik Leitinger Paul Meissner Klaus Witrisal

This paper analyzes the achievable ranging and positioning performance for two design constraints in a radio frequency identification (RFID) system: (i) the bandwidth of the transmit signal and (ii) the use of multiple antennas at the readers. The ranging performance is developed for correlated and uncorrelated constituent channels by utilizing a geometry-based stochastic channel model for the downlink and the uplink. The ranging error bound is utilized to compute the precision gain for a ranging scenario with multiple collocated transmit and receive antennas. The position error bound is then split into a monostatic and bistatic component to analyze the positioning performance in a multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) RFID system. Simulation results indicate that the ranging variance is approximately halved when utilizing uncorrelated constituent channels in a monostatic setup. It is shown that both the bandwidth and the number of antennas decrease the error variance roughly quadratically.

Ranging

10.1109/rfid.2016.7488027

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Citations (17)

Using Machine Learning and RFID Localization for Advanced Logistic Applications

F. Geigl C. Moik Stefan Hinteregger Mario Goller

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Citations (7)

Performance evaluation and verification of spread-spectrum based UHF RFID ranging

Florian Galler Stefan Hinteregger Thomas Faseth Norbert Leder Klaus Witrisal

This paper presents measurement results of a recently introduced time of flight (ToF) ranging method for backscattering RFID tags. The measurements are done with off the-shelf EPC Class1 Gen2 tags, an automated tag positioner, a modified software defined radio (SDR) platform as the RFID reader, and a PC post-processing the ranging results. The ranging error and its variance is measured and discussed at tag distances of 0.1–4m for different tags, operating frequencies, and ranging signal power levels. The underlying ranging principle is successfully verified, and its practical performance limitations due to multipath propagation is shown. Furthermore, the paper shows that by a smart choice of the localization sequence, measurement errors stemming from nonlinear distortion of the power amplifier can be reduced.

Ranging

10.1109/rfid.2017.7945597

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Citations (6)

Using DecaWave UWB transceivers for high-accuracy multipath-assisted indoor positioning

2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops) (2017)

Josef Kulmer Stefan Hinteregger Bernhard Großwindhager Michael Rath Mustafa S. Bakr

Robust indoor positioning and location awareness at a sub-meter accuracy typically require highly accurate radio channel measurements to extract precise time-of-flight measurements. Emerging UWB transponders like the DecaWave DW1000 chip offer to estimate channel impulse responses with reasonably high bandwidth and excellent clock stability, yielding a ranging precision below 10 cm. The competitive pricing of these chips allows scientists and engineers for the first time to exploit the benefits of UWB for indoor positioning without the need for a massive investment into experimental equipment. This work investigates the performance of the DW1000 chip concerning position related information that can be extracted from its channel impulse response measurements. We evaluate the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the line-of-sight and reflected multipath components which is a key parameter determining the Cramér-Rao lower bound on the ranging error variance. We propose a novel and highly efficient positioning algorithm, which requires information from a single anchor only. Results demonstrate reliable and robust positioning at an accuracy below 0.5 m.

Ranging

Transceiver

Multipath interference

Non-line-of-sight propagation

Multipath mitigation

10.1109/iccw.2017.7962828

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Citations (96)

Bandwidth dependence of the ranging error variance in dense multipath

2021 29th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO) (2016)

Stefan Hinteregger Erik Leitinger Paul Meissner Josef Kulmer Klaus Witrisal

It is well known that the time-of-flight ranging performance is heavy influenced by multipath propagation within a radio environment. This holds in particular in dense multipath channels as encountered in indoor scenarios. The signal bandwidth has a tremendous influence on this effect, as it determines whether the time resolution is sufficient to resolve the useful line-of-sight (LOS) signal component from interfering multipath. This paper employs a geometry-based stochastic channel model to analyze and characterize the ranging error variance as a function of the bandwidth, covering the narrowband up to the UWB regimes. The Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived for this purpose. It quantifies the impact of bandwidth, SNR, and parameters of the multipath radio channel and can thus be used as an effective and accurate channel model (e.g.) for the cross-layer optimization of positioning systems. Experimental data are analyzed to validate our theoretical results.

Ranging

Narrowband

Multipath mitigation

Cramér–Rao bound

10.1109/eusipco.2016.7760345

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Citations (13)

High-accuracy positioning for indoor applications: RFID, UWB, 5G, and beyond

Klaus Witrisal Stefan Hinteregger Josef Kulmer Erik Leitinger Paul Meissner

Highly accurate and reliable indoor positioning - at accuracy levels in the 10 cm range - will enable a large a number of innovative location-based applications because such accuracy levels essentially allow for a useful real-time interaction of humans and cyber-physical systems. Activity recognition, navigation at "shelf" level, geofencing, process monitoring and process control are among the envisioned services that will yield numerous applications in various domains. This paper reviews the difficulties faced by indoor positioning systems, motivating the requirement for a large signal bandwidth and how a lack of bandwidth can be compensated by multi-antenna systems. The potential capabilities of upcoming generations of wireless systems will increasingly make high-accuracy positioning available in near future.

Indoor positioning system

Hybrid positioning system

10.1109/rfid.2016.7487999

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Citations (60)