Relevance . Holstein dairy cattle are bred in the Sverdlovsk region, its improvement is carried out by selecting and selecting the best for further breeding. In order for them to display their genetic potential of productivity, it is necessary to ensure a balanced diet. The aim of the work was to assess the diversity of dairy characteristics in Holstein cows when using the “VivAktiv” feed additive. Methods . To conduct the study, 4 groups of calved heifers with 10 heads each were formed in a typical breeding plant for the region: a control group and three experimental ones based on the principle of pairs of analogues. The dairy productivity of cows was evaluated for the first lactation and for the calendar year by control milking once a month. The fat and protein content in milk was assessed in an average milk sample once a month from each cow. The coefficient of variability (variation) was calculated according to the generally accepted formula. Results . As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the use of the “VivAktiv” feed additive did not significantly affect the productivity of cows. The milk yield for lactation by group was 10582.3 ± 187.35, 10640.8 ± 163.89, 10293.9 ± 176.45 and 10080.1 ± 178.13 kg, respectively, the difference was unreliable and insignificant. Considering the changes in the coefficient of variation between the groups, we can note a lower variability of the trait in cows of the 2nd experimental group. The animals of the control group came in second place. The largest variety of the trait turned out to be in the 3rd experimental group. Thus, the variability of the trait is influenced by the period (month) of lactation, to some extent the duration of lactation, as well as the use of the feed additive “VivAktiv”, which had a stabilizing effect on cow yield when used at a dose of 20 g/head/day.
Numerous studies have shown that there is a certain association between the biochemical parameters of blood and milk. It is of big practical importance to determine the heritability of traits involved in the selection process, which gives breeders the opportunity to choose the direction of selection for the fastest solution of the tasks. The purpose of the researches was to establish the association between the indicators of the biochemical composition of milk and blood in the dairy cows, as well as to determine the heritability of the studied traits. It has been found in the course of researches that in most cases the correlations between the biochemical parameters of blood and milk were insignifi cant and unreliable. It can be seen that there is a slight correlation between the main indicators of blood and milk, which should be taken into account by breeders when conducting breeding to improve the quality of milk. The highest regression association has been observed between the content of carotene, calcium and phosphorus in blood and milk. If you increase these indicators in the blood by the corresponding unit, their content in milk will also increase by 0,90, 0,31 and 0,42, respectively. The heritability of milk productivity traits in most cases was at medium and low levels and ranged from 0,03 to 0,66 (straight-line correlation method) and from 0,03 to 0,44 (straight-line regression method). The heritability of hematological traits in most cases was at an average level and ranged from 0,14 to 0,98 (straight-line correlation method) and from 0,11 to 0,76 (straight-line regression method). The total protein content in the blood (h² =0,98 и 0,76) and the number of monocytes (h² =0,82 и 0,60) depended more on the genotypic features of the animal. The average level of heritability coeffi cients has been observed in the blood content of total lipids, phosphorus, eosinophils, young neutrophils, and lymphocytes.
In order to improve the livestock industry, and push up it to the world level making full use of the biological features of animals it is necessary to radically improve the system of breeding work with the species selection and the best combinations to obtain the fattening of young animals, in the implementation of this task special emphasis on the pig as the most precocious and technologically advanced livestock industry. The advantage of pork production is evidenced by the economic assessment of meat production of diff erent types of animals according to the level of individual costs for the nutrients of the product. It is no coincidence that the growth rate of pork production in the world in recent years exceeds the growth rate of beef and poultry. The purpose of the work was to assess the reproductive traits of crossbred sows obtained from various dreeding boars of Landrace breed (1st paternal breed) and mated with breeding boar of Duroc breed (2nd paternal breed) during three-breed industrial crossbreeding. The research has been carried out on the basis of LLC “Agrofi rma Ariant” in the Chelyabinsk region. It has been found that among the analyzed crossbreds the highest reproductive abilities were distinguished by sows obtained from the breeding boar No. 62143 their prolifi cacy was 13,5 heads live piglets, and the live weight of 1 piglet at birth was 1448,07 g, which exceeded the indicators of sows daughters of breeding boar No. 620001 by 1,4 piglets, and 17,9 g, respectively. Approximately the same number of female pigs has been obtained in both study groups. The number of young boars from sows of breeding boar No. 62143 was by 1,3 head more. Thus, in order to increase the profi tability of pork production in LLC “Agrofi rma Ariant” it is necessary to increase the volume of use of sperm of breeding boar No. 62143 of Landrace breed
The article is concerned with information describing the heredity degree of dairy performance, liveweight, external conformation, morphological and functional udder qualities, as well as reproductive abilities of Black-Spotted cows depending on different factors.
Relevance. To ensure the profitability of production, it is necessary to use certain schemes for crossing pigs of different breeds. Since the choice of the correct crossing scheme can significantly affect the final result. Crossbred animals, due to the effect of heterosis, are superior in productive qualities to the original maternal and paternal breeds. The paper presents an assessment of the meat qualities of local young pigs obtained as a result of industrial three-breed crossing. Methods. To implement the scientific and economic experience, three groups of sows of pairs-analogues of a large white breed from the company Hypor (KB Hypor) were formed. Sows of the 1st group were crossed with boars of the Landrace breed from PIC (Landrace Pic), the 2nd — with boars of the Landrace breed from Genesus Genetics (Landrace Genesus), the 3rd — with boars of the Landrace breed from Hypor (Landrace Hypor), as a result, two-breed crossbreeds (F1) were obtained. Further, the obtained crossbred sows (F1) of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups were crossed with boars of the Duroc breed from Genesus Genetics, as a result, they received commercial young (F2). Results. The highest pre-slaughter live weight was obtained from animals of the 1st group (125.12 kg). This is more than in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, respectively, by 5.8% and 4.0%. Significantly, the highest slaughter weight was in the 1st group (93.51 kg), and the lowest — in the 2nd (87.8 kg). Most of the meat was obtained from animals of the 1st group — 62.85 kg ( p ≤ 0.05). This is higher than in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, respectively, by 8.2% and 5.9%.
Abstract The increase in the productivity of cows is inseparably linked with the intensification of selection work with dairy cattle. All over the world, dairy cattle are used to obtain milk, including such related ones as black-and-white, Holstein, Dutch, which differ in economically useful qualities depending on the climatic and ecological-forage conditions of the breeding zone, and the gene pool of breed resources. Animal perfection is achieved by selecting the best males and females for reproduction and individual selection. The transmission of genes from generation to generation is carried out from father to son, from mother to son, from father to daughter, from mother to daughter. The rate of genetic improvement in dairy cattle populations depends on the efficiency of the assessment, selection and use of these groups of animals. Currently, the farm uses the daughters of sire bulls belonging to 3 Holstein lines. Several breeding bulls are used in each line. So, at present, the farm uses 17 bulls-sires of the Vis Back Aydial 1013415 line, 10 bulls of the Reflection Sovering 198998 line and 3 bulls of the Montvik Chief 95679 line, but the daughters of not all breeding bulls are already used in the herd. The belonging of cows to a certain line reliably at a high level of reliability influences the indicators of milk productivity. The decrease in milk yield in cows of the Montvik Chieftain 95679 line is accompanied by an improvement in the quality indicators of milk, namely, MJ in milk. Daughters of bulls-producers of a certain line differ in their productive qualities. The best indicators were found in the groups of daughters of sire bulls: Emen 105018721 and Pilot 63811814 (Reflection Sovering line 198998); Reverse 2708 (Montvik Chieftain line 95679); Tek 69052876 and Fennek 4241542328 (Vis Back Aydial line 1013415).
The main task of selective breeding is to determine the early productivity of offspring. The sooner the economic value of an animal is determined, the more profitable the result will be, due to the proper estimation of high and low productive calves and distribution of the resources among them, accordingly. To predict productivity, we offer to use a systematic assessment of animals by using the main genetic parameters (correlation coefficients, heritability, and regression) based on data such as the measurement of morphological characteristics of animals, obtained using the automated non-contact body measurement system based on RGB-D image capture. The usefulness of the image capture system lies in significant time reduction that is spent on data collection and improvement in data collection accuracy due to the absence of subjective measurement errors. We used the RGB-D image capture system to measure the live weight of mother cows, as well as the live weight and body size of their calves (height at the withers, height in the sacrum, oblique length of the trunk, chest depth, chest girth, pastern girth). Cows and cattle of black-and-white and Holstein breeds (n = 561) were selected as the object of the study. Correlation analysis revealed the main indices for the forecast of meat productivity-live weight and measurements of animals at birth. Calculation of the selection effect is necessary for planning breeding work, since it can determine the value of economically beneficial traits in subsequent generations, which is very important for increasing the profitability of livestock production. This approach can be used in livestock farms for predicting the meat productivity of black-and-white cattle.
In the conduct of selection in terms of slaughter steers it is necessary to trace the relationship of these indicators between themselves and the indicators of growth and development. During the correlation analysis a main marker of forecast of meat productivity revealed body weight and measurements of animals at birth. The article discusses the use of correlation analysis to identify marker indicators of forecast of meat productivity of bull-calves. Among all measurements at birth of the calves, as in general, for all groups, and individually it is a high reliable correlation coefficients, which range from 0.9 to 0.6. The exceptions are estimates of meat production (slaughter yield, the yield of pulp, the output of the tendons, the index of meat content, etc.). The correlation coefficients between the indicators of slaughter and measurements of steers during the other periods of ontogenesis are similar, the exceptions were measurements at 6 and 9 months. At this age the correlation coefficients of the measurements with the indicators of slaughter lower and below 0.3-0.5. Thus, during the correlation analysis a major marker of forecast of meat productivity revealed body weight and measurements of animals at birth. In addition, between individual traits (body weight, measurements, slaughter indicators) found a high positive reliable correlation coefficients, which gives the possibility of using indirect selection, which improves the efficiency of breeding work. The indices of physique and body types (because of its mathematical origin) with indicators of live weight and slaughtering performance of bulls actually are not related and have no interest as predictive indicators
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