Trina Perrone

West Virginia University

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Mary Isabel Gonzatti

Simón Bolívar University

Pedro María Aso

Universidad Simón Bolívar

Brian V. Popp

West Virginia University

Alfredo Mijares

Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas

Francisco García

Central University of Venezuela

Jeffrey L. Petersen

West Virginia University

Mason D Hamilton

West Virginia University

Ariadna Rangel-Rivas

Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas

Alfredo Coronado

University of Edinburgh

E. Sánchez

Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas

Cooperative Institutions

Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas

Simón Bolívar University

Central University of Venezuela

West Virginia University

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

Université de Montpellier

Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

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Variant Surface Glycoprotein from Trypanosoma evansi Is Partially Responsible for the Cross-Reaction between Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma vivax

Biochemistry (2003)

Graciela L. Uzcanga Trina Perrone José Alfredo Noda Jacqueline Pérez‐Pazos Rafael Medina

Salivarian trypanosomes use antigenic variation of their variant-specific surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat as a defense against the host immune system. Although about 1000 VSG and pseudo-VSG genes are scattered throughout the trypanosome genome, each trypanosome expresses only one VSG, while the rest of the genes are transcriptionally silent. A 64-kDa glycosylated cross-reacting antigen between Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma vivax (p64), which was purified from the TEVA1 T. evansi Venezuelan isolate, was proven here to represent the soluble form of a VSG. Initially, a biochemical characterization of p64 was carried out. Gel filtration chromatography, sedimentation, and chemical cross-linking provided evidences of the dimeric nature of p64. The hydrodynamic parameters indicated that p64 is asymmetrical with a frictional ratio f/fo = 1.57. Isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that p64 contained two isoforms with isoelectric points of 6.8−6.9 and 7.1−7.2. When p64 and three p64 Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteolytic fragments were sequenced, the same N-termini sequence was obtained: Ala-Pro-Ile-Thr-Asp-Ala-Asp-Leu-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gln-Ile-Ala-Asp, which displayed a significant homology with a putative Trypanosoma brucei VSG gene located on chromosome 4. Additionally, immunofluorescence microscopy on T. evansi and T. vivax established that p64 and its T. vivax homologue were confined to the surface of both parasites. An immunological characterization of this antigen was also carried out using several Venezuelan T. evansi isolates expressing different VSGs, which were obtained from naturally infected animals. Although sera from animals infected with the various T. evansi isolates recognized p64, only one isolate, besides TEVA1, contained polypeptides that were recognized by anti-p64 antibodies. All these results together with prior evidences [Uzcanga, G. et al. (2002) Parasitology 124, 287−299] confirmed that p64 is the soluble form of a T. evansi VSG, containing common epitopes recognized by sera from animals infected with T. evansi or T. vivax. Despite the huge repertoire of VSG genes existing on bloodstream trypanosomes, our data also demonstrated the potential use of a VSG variant from the TEVA1 T. evansi isolate as a diagnostic reagent.

Trypanosoma evansi

Trypanosoma vivax

Antigenic variation

10.1021/bi0301946

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Citations (33)

Survey of Chemistry 1

Trina Perrone

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Comparison of infectivity and virulence of clones of Trypanosoma evansi and Ttrypanosoma equiperdum Venezuelan strains in mice

Veterinary Parasitology (2018)

Trina Perrone Aso P.M.Alfredo Mijares Philippe Holzmüller Mary Isabel Gonzatti

Trypanosoma evansi

Infectivity

10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.02.024

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Citations (7)

Trypanosoma vivax: A novel method for purification from experimentally infected sheep blood

Experimental Parasitology (2005)

Lucía González Judith García Cristina Núñez Trina Perrone B. González-Baradat

Trypanosoma vivax

Percoll

10.1016/j.exppara.2005.05.008

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Citations (26)

THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF A TRYPANOSOMA VIVAX ISOLATE ADAPTED TO LABORATORY RODENTS.

Acta microscópica (2006)

Erik Rowan Valencia Chávez Addys González P Graterol Estefanía Cristina Mayorga Mayorga Carmen Rondón

Este trabajo describe la morfologia ultraestructural de un aislado de Trypanosoma vivax adaptado a roedores. El analisis subcelular muestra caracteristicas representativas de la celula eucariota. Ademas, evidencia peculiaridades propias de los tripanosomas. Se describe la interaccion macrofago-tripomastigote, cuyas caracteristicas indicarian reacciones autoinmunes inducidas por el parasito. Este es el primer trabajo realizado en Venezuela con un aislado de T. vivax adaptado a murinos

Trypanosoma vivax

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Molecular profiles of Venezuelan isolates of Trypanosoma sp. by random amplified polymorphic DNA method

Veterinary Parasitology (2009)

Trina Perrone Mary Isabel Gonzatti G. Villamizar Ananías A. Escalante Pedro María Aso

Dendrogram

Similarity (geometry)

10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.01.034

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Citations (36)

Erratum to: Molecular characterization and classification of Trypanosoma spp. Venezuelan isolates based on microsatellite markers and kinetoplast maxicircle genes

Parasites & Vectors (2015)

E. Sánchez Trina Perrone G. Recchimuzzi I. Cardozo Nicolas Biteau

Unfortunately, the original version of this article [1] contained an error. Figure 1 in the original article, corresponded to the first coinertia analysis that was carried out with no data on the procyclin PE repeats for the T. brucei brucei strains. After including these data, the coinertia analysis was modified both in the directionality of the arrows in the Y Hyperspace and in the biplot generated by the interaction of the two coinertia axes. The modified coinertia analysis is included in Fig. 1.

Kinetoplast

Parasitology

10.1186/s13071-015-1177-7

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Citations (7)

Risk factors associated with the bovine trypanosomosis of livestock farms in Venezuela.

Zootecnia Tropical/Zootecnia tropical (2009)

Claribel Suárez Francisco García Diego Román Alfredo Coronado Trina Perrone

The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with bovine tripanosomosis in cattle ranches in Venezuela. There were processed a total of 1.675 blood samples for active infection study and 1.572 for serology, collected in 49 cattle herds from livestock farms scattered in nine states of the country and 4 different geographical regions: east and west plains, south lake, central-west, and andean. Microcentrifugation technique was used to detect active infection by Trypanosoma vivax , while seropositivity to this hemoprotozoan was detected by both the indirect immunofluorescence technique and the ELISA immunosorbent assay. Through an epidemiological survey, information on the racial, age, gender, purpose, management, and tripanocidal treatment (active ingredient and frequency of application) was gathered. There was a general active infection rate of 5,9% and an overall 33,1% seropositivity. The following parameters (risk factors) were positive associated to seropositivity: lack of implementation of trypanocidal drugs (OR=2,62), use of diminazeno (OR=1,87), age group heifers(OR=1,48) and adults (OR=1,41), racial Bos indicus (OR=1,80), purpose meat (OR=1,29), and semi intensive handling (OR = 1,40). Factors associated negative (protective effect) were trypanocidal drug application (irrespective of the active ingredient) (OR=0,38), implementing isometamidium (OR=0,35), frequency of use of drugs on a regular basis with trypanocidal drugs at interval of 4 to 6 months (OR=0,62) and longer than 6 months (OR=0,33), age group calves (OR=0,39), racial mixed breed Bos taurus x B. indicus (OR=0,63), and extensive management (OR=0,71). These factors should be considered in the implementation of strategic plans to control this disease in endemic areas.

Trypanosoma vivax

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Molecular characterization and classification of Trypanosoma spp. Venezuelan isolates based on microsatellite markers and kinetoplast maxicircle genes

Parasites & Vectors (2015)

E. Sánchez Trina Perrone G. Recchimuzzi I. Cardozo Nicolas Biteau

Livestock trypanosomoses, caused by three species of the Trypanozoon subgenus, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. evansi and T. equiperdum is widely distributed throughout the world and constitutes an important limitation for the production of animal protein. T. evansi and T. equiperdum are morphologically indistinguishable parasites that evolved from a common ancestor but acquired important biological differences, including host range, mode of transmission, distribution, clinical symptoms and pathogenicity. At a molecular level, T. evansi is characterized by the complete loss of the maxicircles of the kinetoplastic DNA, while T. equiperdum has retained maxicircle fragments similar to those present in T. brucei. T. evansi causes the disease known as Surra, Derrengadera or "mal de cadeiras", while T. equiperdum is the etiological agent of dourine or "mal du coit", characterized by venereal transmission and white patches in the genitalia.Nine Venezuelan Trypanosoma spp. isolates, from horse, donkey or capybara were genotyped and classified using microsatellite analyses and maxicircle genes. The variables from the microsatellite data and the Procyclin PE repeats matrices were combined using the Hill-Smith method and compared to a group of T. evansi, T. equiperdum and T. brucei reference strains from South America, Asia and Africa using Coinertia analysis. Four maxicircle genes (cytb, cox1, a6 and nd8) were amplified by PCRfrom TeAp-N/D1 and TeGu-N/D1, the two Venezuelan isolates that grouped with the T. equiperdum STIB841/OVI strain. These maxicircle sequences were analyzed by nucleotide BLAST and aligned toorthologous genes from the Trypanozoon subgenus by MUSCLE tools. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) with the MEGA5.1® software.We characterized microsatellite markers and Procyclin PE repeats of nine Venezuelan Trypanosoma spp. isolates with various degrees of virulence in a mouse model, and compared them to a panel of T. evansi and T. equiperdum reference strains. Coinertia analysis of the combined repeats and previously reported T. brucei brucei microsatellite genotypes revealed three distinct groups. Seven of the Venezuelan isolates grouped with globally distributed T. evansi strains, while TeAp-N/D1 and TeGu-N/D1 strains clustered in a separate group with the T. equiperdum STIB841/OVI strain isolated in South Africa. A third group included T. brucei brucei, two strains previously classified as T. evansi (GX and TC) and one as T. equiperdum (BoTat-1.1). Four maxicircle genes, Cytochrome b, Cythocrome Oxidase subunit 1, ATP synthase subunit 6 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 8, were identified in the two Venezuelan strains clustering with the T. equiperdum STIB841/OVI strain. Phylogenetic analysis of the cox1 gene sequences further separated these two Venezuelan T. equiperdum strains: TeAp-N/D1 grouped with T. equiperdum strain STIB818 and T. brucei brucei, and TeGu-N/D1 with the T. equiperdum STIB841/OVI strain.Based on the Coinertia analysis and maxicircle gene sequence phylogeny, TeAp-N/D1 and TeGu-N/D1 constitute the first confirmed T. equiperdum strains described from Latin America.

Kinetoplast

Parasitology

Mycology

10.1186/s13071-015-1129-2

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Citations (48)

Infectivity and virulence of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma equiperdum Venezuelan strains from three different host species

Veterinary Parasitology Regional Studies and Reports (2018)

Trina Perrone E. Sánchez Luis Hidalgo Alfredo Mijares Leandro Balzano‐Nogueira

Trypanosoma evansi

Infectivity

Strain (injury)

10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.07.004

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Citations (3)