BackgroundThe high mobilization failure rate with the mobilization strategy of combining chemotherapy and filgrastim (rhG-CSF) in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in lymphomas is one of the unresolved issues. Whether the combination of polyethylene glycol filgrastim [pegfilgrastim (PEG-FIL), PEG-rhG-CSF] and filgrastim (FIL) improves the mobilization success rate and the timing of combination therapy has not been studied.Methods107 lymphoma patients who received auto-HSCT were retrospectively enrolled and divided into groups of PEG+FIL and FIL. The group of PEG+FIL received pegfilgrastim (9 mg) on the third day of the chemotherapy, followed by filgrastim (10 μg/kg/day) based on the counts of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). The group of FIL received filgrastim 10 μg /kg/day depending on the number of PBSCs.ResultsThe incidence of neutropenic fever in the group of PEG+FIL was significantly lower than in the group of FIL. The mean recovery time of leukocytes at autologous stem cell transplantation was significantly shorter in the group of PEG+FIL than in the group of FIL. Compared to the groups of FIL, the group of PEG+FIL had lower hospitalization costs. We found that the combination therapy is more recommended for patients with a bone marrow hematopoietic area of less than 30 %. Filgrastim is best administered 5–6 days after pegfilgrastim administration.ConclusionsCompared to conventional filgrastim mobilization, the combination of pegfilgrastim and filgrastim schedule has high efficacy, non-inferior safety, and superior health economic benefits during auto-HSCT.
Brentuximab vedotin (BV) showed high overall remission rates in refractory/relapsed classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL). Although the efficacy of BV has been reported in clinical trials, its efficacy as a frontline therapy in real world for patients with CD30 positive subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) such as peripheral T-cell lymphoma with T-follicular helper cell (TFH) phenotype (PTCL, TFH), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) in China has not been well documented. Analysis of a real-world, observational, retrospective case series in patients suffering from AITL, sALCL and peripheral T-cell lymphoma with T-follicular helper phenotype (PTCL-TFH) and other types of PTCL treated with BV in frontline treatment was conducted. The patients were given treatment from May 2020 till June 28, 2021. All patients were pathologically diagnosed to have PTCL before treatment and expressed CD30. Patients received BV (1.8 mg/kg) combined with CEP (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, prednisone acetate every 3 weeks). The primary endpoint was objective response rates (ORR), and secondary endpoints were duration of response and incidence of adverse events (AEs). Exploratory endpoints such as progression-free survival (PFS) are discussed even though after such a short period. Nineteen patients completed ≥ 1 cycles of BV-CEP treatment (16 cases completed ≥ 4 cycles, 3 cases only completed 1 cycle). Among them, the ORR reached 89.5% [CR 52.7%; partial response (PR) 36.8%]. In the ALCL group, CR reached 100% with the median duration of response of up to 8 months, while in the AITL group, the ORR was 75% and 2 patients had disease progression after treatment with BV + CEP. We also observed that BV-CEP may extend the PFS compared to traditional chemotherapy such as the CHOEP regimen (BV-CEP: not evaluable, CHOEP: 6.5 months), although the median follow-up was only 6.7 months. Adverse events (AEs), including incidence and severity of febrile neutropenia (26% patients in the BV-CEP group and 30% in the CHOEP group), were similar between groups. There was no incidence of AEs leading to treatment withdrawal or death under BV-CEP treatment. BV is a promising treatment in patients with ALCL, AITL and PTCL-TFH in frontline treatment settings.
In a wide variety of high-power pulsed facilities, megavolt switches play a key role in determining the system performance. In particular, ultraviolet (UV)-illuminated switches have been widely used for their high-voltage, low-jitter characteristics. In this paper, two factors that may affect the breakdown jitter of a 3 MV UV-illuminated switch under pulsed voltages were investigated, namely, the electric field enhancement factor of a UV-illuminating gap (UV gap) and the number of UV gaps. The experimental results show that the electric field enhancement factor is important for adjusting the average E/p of the main switch gap when the UV gaps breaks down under certain N2 pressures. When the electric field enhancement factor of the UV gaps is approximately that of the main switch gap, the breakdown jitter percentage goes down to less than 1.9%. Comparatively, the number of UV gaps affects breakdown voltage and jitter in a limited-way. When only one UV gap is functioning and the electric field enhancement factor of UV gap is approximately that of the main switch gap, the breakdown jitter is less than 1.3%.
The output switch is a key component which connects the pulse power generator and the antenna in an intense electromagnetic pulse simulator and its turning on and off can reflect the working condition of the simulator. In order to measure the turn-on time of the output switch, the formative time of the switch is analyzed based on avalanche and streamer theory, and the optical technique which provides a method via optical fiber transmission for penetrating into high voltage cavities with the advantages of insulation and electromagnetic interference is adopted. A measuring system based on optical fiber and silicon PIN detector is developed, and an experimental platform for testing the synchronous characteristics is established. The experiments are carried out using a one-to-one scale output switch model. The experimental results show that the measuring system is excellent in electromagnetic resistance, the start point of the measured optical signal is clear to recognize; the average time delay between start points of the optical signal and the current signal is 20.42ns, the range and the jitter of the time delay are 0.78ns and 0.4ns; the designed optical system can be used to monitor the turn-on time of the output switch.
After entering the information age, the accounting and auditing work of Chinese enterprises must be updated according to the new changes of the society and the enterprises. As the top priority of modern enterprise management, enterprise accounting auditing requires continuous optimization of the management within the enterprises so that the enterprises’ development could keep pace with the social changes. By introducing information technology into enterprise accounting auditing, it is possible to improve the efficiency of enterprise accounting auditing and to ensure the accuracy of enterprise auditing. This article starts with the status quo of enterprise accounting auditing in the information age. Then, it analyses the current risks of enterprise accounting audit and puts forward some suggestions to prevent the risks. This thesis is expected to provide useful reference for the development of enterprise accounting auditing in the information age.
In a Tesla-type pulse generator, self-inductance of the primary coil is a crucial parameter to determine the final oscillating condition. However, the accurate value of this inductance might be changed due to the uneven primary current distribution caused by practical configuration of the primary side. Consequently, in order to precisely design the transformer, it is helpful to evaluate the primary inductance based on electromagnetic simulation instead of conventional approximate calculation. In this paper, a simulation model based on the finite integration technique is established to solve the uneven primary current problem. A primary coil with multiple contacting points is designed, and hexahedral mesh generation of the coil is also discussed. Hence, a series of verification tests using different primary structures are performed to support the results of simulation. Both results of the simulation model and the verification test presented that the variation of the primary inductance will affect the performance of the generator, and the number of contacting points is the main cause to determine the maximum current density of the coil.
Due to its low-loss and high dielectric strength, polypropylene is widely used as electrical insulation material in pulse capacitors. In order to study its breakdown characteristics for nanosecond voltage pulses, an experimental setup was designed to generate voltage pulses with a 10%-90% rise time of 38 ns and a full width at half maximum of about 90 ns. Tests of the three polypropylene films with thicknesses of 12, 15, and 18 μm were performed. In addition, hundreds of nanoseconds pulse and dc voltage were also applied for comparison. The experimental results reveal that most of the breakdown occurs during the front edge of the pulse for tens of nanoseconds pulse, and the breakdown strengths of the three kinds of polypropylene films are almost identical for different applied voltages, which show a weak correlation between the thickness of the dielectric and the breakdown field. The expected breakdown strength of tens of nanoseconds pulse defined in this paper is not significantly higher than the mean value of the hundreds of nanoseconds pulse and the dc condition, suggesting that the breakdown of a thin polypropylene film is mainly determined by the electrical field but not the voltage-time cumulative effect. All these observations strengthen the conclusion that the breakdown of a thin polypropylene film is an intrinsic phenomenon.
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