Anabella Arredondo

Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

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Silvia M. Montano

Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi

Deborah L. Birx

United States Department of State

V. Alberto Laguna-Torres

National University of San Marcos

Doris V Ortega-Altamirano

Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

Carlos J Beltrán

Universidad de Santiago de Chile

Christian T. Bautista

Naval Medical Research Unit Six

Juan J. Pérez

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

José Russi

Hospital Británico

Miguel A. Valenzuela

Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Jorge L. Sánchez

Universidad de Antioquia

Cooperative Institutions

Naval Medical Research Command

Henry M. Jackson Foundation

Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

Naval Medical Research Unit Six

Ministry of Health

Instituto de Medicina Tropical

University of Washington

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National University of San Marcos

Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center

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HIV prevalence, AIDS knowledge, and condom use among female sex workers in Santiago, Chile

Cadernos de Saúde Pública (2007)

Jaime Barrientos Michel Bozon Edith Ortiz Anabella Arredondo

This paper describes HIV seroprevalence, knowledge of HIV transmission, and condom use among female sex workers (FSW) attending five specialized sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Santiago, Chile. A short questionnaire with socio-demographic, AIDS knowledge, and condom-use variables was administered to 626 FSW. HIV seroprevalence was estimated with a blood test sent to the Chilean Public Health Institute. ELISA was used to confirm HIV in suspected cases. HIV prevalence was 0%. FSW showed adequate overall knowledge of HIV, even better than reported for the Chilean general population on some items. Condom use with clients was high ("always" = 93.4%), although regular use with steady partners was low ("always" = 9.9%). The zero HIV seroprevalence and consistent condom use with clients confirms the positive impact of intervention strategies for FSW, increasing both correct knowledge of AIDS and condom use with clients and helping decrease these women's HIV/AIDS vulnerability.

Seroprevalence

10.1590/s0102-311x2007000800004

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Citations (45)

Pre-exposure prophylaxis and its implications in Mexico: notions of men who have sex with men

Sexual Health (2020)

Ricardo Baruch Silvia Magali Cuadra-Hernández Jorge Elias Arellano Diana Sanchez Doris V Ortega-Altamirano

Background The aim of this study was to analyse ideas regarding pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of HIV among groups of men who have sex with men in Mexico for future implementation in health services. Methods: During 2015, 54 people participated in four focus groups in three Mexican cities. Issues related to challenges for uses and limitations of PrEP were explored. Results: In contrast with other qualitative studies, which emphasised problems with relationships with other people for PrEP use or access to key populations, Mexican participants focused their concerns around the public health services organisation: PrEP is too expensive and the health services have no resources, which will affect services and result in discrimination. Participants identified possible stigmatisation related to prejudices of medical providers who do not approve the decreased use of condoms. As a potential solution, participants suggested that the Mexican Government could negotiate a lower cost for PrEP and public health services could provide the medication, with periodical review of the arrangements by civil organisations. Conclusion: In the current context of the new Mexican government, it is necessary to propose public politics focused on negotiating with pharmaceutical companies on the costs of the PrEP, coordinating public services with groups within civil society and strengthening policies and actions to reduce stigma and discrimination.

10.1071/sh18193

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Prevalences, Genotypes, and Risk Factors for HIV Transmission in South America

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (2005)

Silvia M. Montano José L. Sánchez V. Alberto Laguna-Torres Paloma Cuchí María Mercedes Ávila

HIV cross-sectional studies were conducted among high-risk populations in 9 countries of South America. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening and Western blot confirmatory testing were performed, and env heteroduplex mobility assay genotyping and DNA sequencing were performed on a subset of HIV-positive subjects. HIV prevalences were highest among men who have sex with men (MSM; 2.0%-27.8%) and were found to be associated with multiple partners, noninjection drug use (non-IDU), and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). By comparison, much lower prevalences were noted among female commercial sex workers (FCSWs; 0%-6.3%) and were associated mainly with a prior IDU and STI history. Env subtype B predominated among MSM throughout the region (more than 90% of strains), whereas env subtype F predominated among FCSWs in Argentina and male commercial sex workers in Uruguay (more than 50% of strains). A renewed effort in controlling STIs, especially among MSM groups, could significantly lessen the impact of the HIV epidemic in South America.

Heteroduplex

Cross-sectional study

10.1097/01.qai.0000159667.72584.8b

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Citations (92)

The Chilean AIDS Cohort

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (2005)

Marcelo Wolff Carlos J Beltrán Patricia Vásquez Marisol X Ayala Miguel A. Valenzuela

Chile, middle-income country with 15 million people, began an expanded access program (EAP) to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2001. EAP provides ART, monitoring, and funding for management of associated complications in 32 points of care. A national cohort (Chilean AIDS Cohort [ChiAC]), enrolling 98% of these patients, was created for standardized treatment and impact evaluation. Information exchange is mainly through the Internet. By December 2004, the ChiAC had 4365 participants (83.3% male). At baseline, 47.5% had clinical AIDS, 26.2% were asymptomatic, 80.2% had a CD4 count <200 cells/mm and 58.2% were ART naive; in these patients, the most frequent regimen is zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz. A 6-month follow-up in 1057 patients showed a global mortality of 5% (0.5% if patients were asymptomatic at baseline and 8.3% if patients had baseline AIDS). There was a similar risk of death if the baseline CD4 count was 100 to 200 cells/mm or >200 cells/mm ( approximately 1%), but this increased to 4.8% (relative risk [RR] = 5.2) and 10.7% (RR = 11.5) if the CD4 count was 51 to 100 cells/mm or

Efavirenz

Discontinuation

Regimen

10.1097/01.qai.0000185573.98472.f8

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Citations (26)