Heather Sloan

Lehman College

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Marie‐Hélène Cormier

University of Rhode Island

John W. King

University of Tennessee at Knoxville

Dominique Boisson

Hospices Civils de Lyon

Steeve Symithe

University of Haiti

Kelly Guerrier

University of Haiti

Philippe Patriat

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Casey Hearn

University of Rhode Island

Sophia Ulysse

University of Haiti

Daniel Sauter

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

N. J. Wattrus

University of Minnesota, Duluth

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Sorbonne Université

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris

University of Haiti

Université Paris Cité

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

University of Washington

Swedish Medical Center

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

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Overcoming barriers to engaging socio-economically disadvantaged populations in CHD primary prevention: a qualitative study

BMC Public Health (2010)

Christopher Harkins Rebecca Shaw Michelle Gillies Heather Sloan Kate Macintyre

Abstract Background Preventative medicine has become increasingly important in efforts to reduce the burden of chronic disease in industrialised countries. However, interventions that fail to recruit socio-economically representative samples may widen existing health inequalities. This paper explores the barriers and facilitators to engaging a socio-economically disadvantaged (SED) population in primary prevention for coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods The primary prevention element of Have a Heart Paisley (HaHP) offered risk screening to all eligible individuals. The programme employed two approaches to engaging with the community: a) a social marketing campaign and b) a community development project adopting primarily face-to-face canvassing. Individuals living in areas of SED were under-recruited via the social marketing approach, but successfully recruited via face-to-face canvassing. This paper reports on focus group discussions with participants, exploring their perceptions about and experiences of both approaches. Results Various reasons were identified for low uptake of risk screening amongst individuals living in areas of high SED in response to the social marketing campaign and a number of ways in which the face-to-face canvassing approach overcame these barriers were identified. These have been categorised into four main themes: (1) processes of engagement; (2) issues of understanding; (3) design of the screening service and (4) the priority accorded to screening. The most immediate barriers to recruitment were the invitation letter, which often failed to reach its target, and the general distrust of postal correspondence. In contrast, participants were positive about the face-to-face canvassing approach. Participants expressed a lack of knowledge and understanding about CHD and their risk of developing it and felt there was a lack of clarity in the information provided in the mailing in terms of the process and value of screening. In contrast, direct face-to-face contact meant that outreach workers could explain what to expect. Participants felt that the procedure for uptake of screening was demanding and inflexible, but that the drop-in sessions employed by the community development project had a major impact on recruitment and retention. Conclusion Socio-economically disadvantaged individuals can be hard-to-reach; engagement requires strategies tailored to the needs of the target population rather than a population-wide approach.

Disadvantaged

Biostatistics

Distrust

10.1186/1471-2458-10-391

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Citations (64)

Tracing Environmental and Climatic Change in Haiti Through Sedimentary Organic Matter Processes in Lake Azuei Over the Last Millennium

David Noncent Abdel Sifeddine Évens Emmanuel Marie‐Hélène Cormier Francisco J. Briceño‐Zuluaga

The focus of this study is to use the record of sedimentary organic processes to reconstruct the environment of Lake Azuei over the last millennium. Bulk and isotopic organic matter (OM), stratigraphic markers, and a chronological model based on 11 14C ages and 6 210Pb analyses from a shallow sediment core were used to support this reconstruction. TOC and TN contents reveal that the sediments of Lake Azuei are quite poor in organic matter. The δ13C and C/N results suggest that a mix of algae and C3 plant material dominates OM in lake sediment. It appears that denitrification is connected to physical and chemical conditions, such as temperature and/or the availability of nitrate and organic matter. Three different sedimentary environments are recognized based on δ13C vs C/N cross diagram. During the MCA1 (1000-1050 CE) and LIA (1400-1800 CE) periods, a decrease in TOC and TN as well as in plankton-derived OM occurred. This was accompanied by an increase in δ15N, which suggests denitrification due to suboxic conditions, likely caused by an increase in lake water temperature and dry conditions. A second sedimentary environment, applying to the MCA2 (1050-1100 CE) and CWP (1800-2000 CE) periods, was characterized by the increase of TOC and TN values, and decrease of δ13C and δ15N values. This is chiefly attributable to more organic material input which is derived from C3 terrestrial vegetation growing around the lake. A decrease in δ15N indicates a decrease in denitrification, further suggesting an increase in the input of organic matter. Sedimentation during these periods occurred when there was more transport related to wet conditions. The third sedimentary environment applies to the MCA-LIA (1150-1400 CE) transition period and is characterized by a high variability of COT, δ13C and δ15N. The organic matter deposited during this period appears to be a mixture of material originating from both autochthonous phytoplankton and allochthonous C3 plant. There was climate instability during this period, with alternations between wet and dry conditions, and thus likely variations in the lake level.

Sedimentary organic matter

δ15N

10.2139/ssrn.4432729

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The geology of the Oceanographer Transform: The ridge-transform intersection

Marine Geophysical Research (1984)

Jeffrey A. Karson Paul Fox Heather Sloan Kathleen Crane W. S. F. Kidd

Transform fault

Rift valley

Rift zone

Echelon formation

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Escarpment

Seafloor Spreading

10.1007/bf00285956

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Citations (104)

The Jasmine discovery, Central North Sea, UKCS

Geological Society London Petroleum Geology Conference series (2010)

Stuart Archer Simon Ward S. Menad I. Shahim Neil Grant

Abstract The Jasmine Field is located in blocks 30/06 and 30/07a on the J Ridge, the southeastern extension of the Forties–Montrose High, which separates the eastern and western basins of the UK Central North Sea. The field was discovered in 2006 and is close to two ConocoPhillips producing fields, Jade and Judy, which serve as useful local analogues. The main West Limb structure is a turtle-back faulted anticline NW of the Joanne salt pillow. The primary reservoir is Triassic in age and consists of stacked fluvial sandstones of the Joanne Member of the Skagerrak Formation. The HPHT exploration wells 30/06-6 and geological sidetrack 30/06-6Z discovered a rich gas condensate column of 2300 ft, some 1100 ft deeper than the mapped independent structural closure of the prospect, and achieved good flow rates on test. To appraise the discovery and assess the potential for significant additional volumes in an adjacent downfaulted terrace, a programme comprising a main well and two sidetrack wells was initiated in 2007. Appraisal well 30/06-7 discovered a 550 ft hydrocarbon column in the Northern Terrace with a hydrocarbon–water contact shallower than that observed in the West Limb, thereby proving structural compartmentalization between the two fault blocks. Good flow rates were achieved from a drill stem test in mechanical sidetrack well 30/06-7Z. Sidetracks 30/06-7Y and 30/06-7X were drilled to confirm the northwestern extension of the West Limb discovery and to test the northern extent of the Northern Terrace accumulation, respectively. This programme has reduced volumetric uncertainty but the trapping mechanism and the ultimate extent of the Jasmine accumulation remain unknown. Comprehensive data acquisition throughout the exploration and appraisal phases, including drill stem testing, core recovery and seismic data reprocessing, has facilitated a detailed reservoir characterization programme. Jasmine represents a significant new high pressure/high temperature resource in the mature Central North Sea and is currently undergoing development planning.

10.1144/0070225

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Margin-to-Margin Seafloor Spreading in the Eastern Gulf of Aden: A 16 Ma-Long History of Deformation and Magmatism from Seismic Reflection, Gravity and Magnetic Data

Frontiers in Earth Science (2021)

Morgane Gillard Sylvie Leroy Mathilde Cannat Heather Sloan

In this paper we present and analyze spreading-parallel seismic transects that image the oceanic crust in the eastern Gulf of Aden, from the Oman to the Socotra margins, across the active Sheba mid-oceanic ridge and between the Socotra-Hadbeen and Eastern Gulf of Aden Fracture Zones. The correlation of potential field data sets and gravity modelling allow us to document the spreading history of this oceanic basin from the onset of seafloor spreading ∼16 Ma-ago to the present. Two main oceanic sub-domains display distinct structural characteristics associated with different magmatic budgets at this mid-ocean ridge. In addition, we document the occurrence of a magmatic pulse at the Sheba Ridge around 11 Ma leading to the construction of a magmatic plateau in the western part of the studied area. This event led to substantial deformation and additional magmatism in previously formed oceanic crust. It could be related to an off-axis magmatic event previously identified in the adjacent Sheba segment, itself possibly related to the Afar plume.

Seafloor Spreading

Continental Margin

Mantle plume

Fracture zone

10.3389/feart.2021.707721

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Abyssal hill characterization at the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge

Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (2011)

Heather Sloan Daniel Sauter John A. Goff Mathilde Cannat

The morphology of the flanks of the Southwest Indian Ridge holds a record of seafloor formation and abyssal hill generation at an ultraslow spreading rate. Statistical analysis of compiled bathymetry and gravity data from the flanks of the Southwest Indian Ridge from 54°E to 67°E provides estimates of abyssal hill morphologic character and inferred crustal thickness. The extent of the compiled data encompasses a spreading rate change from slow to ultraslow at ∼24 Ma, a significant inferred variation in sub‐axis mantle temperature, and a patchwork of volcanic and non‐volcanic seafloor, making the Southwest Indian Ridge an ideal and unique location to characterize abyssal hills generated by ultraslow spreading and to examine the effect of dramatic spreading rate change on seafloor morphology. Root mean square abyssal hill height in ultraslow spreading seafloor ranges from ∼280 m to ∼320 m and is on average ∼80 m greater than found for slow‐spreading seafloor. Ultraslow spreading abyssal hill width ranges from ∼4 km to ∼12 km, averaging ∼8 km. Abyssal hill height and width increases west‐to‐east in both slow and ultraslow spreading seafloor, corresponding to decreasing inferred mantle temperature. Abyssal hills persist in non‐volcanic seafloor and extend continuously from volcanic to non‐volcanic terrains. We attribute the increase of abyssal hill height and width to strengthening of the mantle portion of the lithosphere as the result of cooler sub‐axial mantle temperature and conclude that abyssal hill height is primarily controlled by the strength of the mantle component of the lithosphere rather than spreading rate.

Seafloor Spreading

Abyssal zone

Abyssal plain

10.1029/2011gc003850

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Citations (14)

Exhibit created by scientists brings planet Earth to public

Eos (2000)

E. A. Mathez James D. Webster Rosamond J. Kinzler Heather Sloan

On June 12, 1999, the American Museum of Natural History opened a new permanent exhibit about the Earth. The exhibit, the Gottesman Hall of Planet Earth (HOPE), describes how the Earth works (Web site: http://www.amnh.org/rose/hope). In other words, it is the story of modern Earth science. How does one go about telling such a broad and complex story in an exhibit where the audience ranges from school children to adults? The first challenge was to devise a structure for the story itself. The hall was organized around a series of questions that would both engage the visitors and span current knowledge. The questions were eventually distilled to five: How has the Earth evolved? How do we read the rocks? Why are there ocean basins, continents, and mountains? What causes climate and climate change? And, why is the Earth habitable?

Earth system science

Super-Earth

10.1029/00eo00258

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A phase Ib/II trial with expansion of patients at the MTD trial of olaparib plus weekly (metronomic) carboplatin and paclitaxel in relapsed ovarian cancer patients.

Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Saul E. Rivkin Desiree Iriarte Heather Sloan Cara Wiseman James Moon

5573 Background: We established the olaparib tablet maximum tolerated dose, dose limiting toxicities (DLT's) and response to therapy of carboplatin, paclitaxel and olaparib tablet given simultaneously, reported at ASCO 2014. This abstract will include data from both the phase 1b and the phase 2 expansion. Methods: A total of 54 subjects were evaluated in this trial, 14 in phase 1b and 40 in phase 2. Eligibility required measurable disease, adequate organ function and ECOG performance status of ≤ 2. Subjects had to have failed first line platinum containing chemotherapy. BRCA testing was conducted as available. Subjects received the metronomic therapy of paclitaxel 60mg/m2 IV and carboplatin AUC 2 IV weekly, 3 weeks out of 4, and olaparib tablets at the MTD of 150 mg bid administered orally for 3 consecutive days (D1-D3), every week for each cycle. Subjects were assessed for toxicity and response according to the protocol. Subjects that reached a confirmed complete remission were transitioned to olaparib tablets only, 300 mg bid, until disease progression. Results: Median age was 58 and median number of prior regimens was 4. There have been no deaths due to the study regimen. One patient had grade 4 neutropenia and an allergic reaction to carboplatin. The common grade 3 toxicities caused by this regimen were neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Two subjects had mild GI toxicities. There was no evidence of cardiac, hepatic, or pulmonary toxicities in any of these subjects. 22.5% of subjects had a complete remission (CR), 30% had PR, 25% had SD and 22.5% had PD. Of the 9 CR's, 6 were gBRCA mutated. PFS median for gBRCA mutated subjects is 19 months vs 4 months for non-mutated gBRCA subjects. OS median for gBRCA mutated subjects is 24 months vs 16 months for gBRCA non-mutated subjects. All of the CR's are alive. Conclusions: Olaparib tablets can be safely administered simultaneously with a weekly regimen of carboplatin and paclitaxel in heavily pretreated ovarian cancer subjects. Olaparib appears to be highly effective in gBRCA mutated. This is the first successful combination of olaparib tablets with carboplatin and paclitaxel that has been well tolerated. Clinical trial information: NCT01650376.

Olaparib

Carboplatin

10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.5573

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Data from Identification of ATR–Chk1 Pathway Inhibitors That Selectively Target p53-Deficient Cells without Directly Suppressing ATR Catalytic Activity

Masaoki Kawasumi James E. Bradner Nicola Tolliday Renee Thibodeau Heather Sloan

<div>AbstractResistance to DNA-damaging chemotherapy is a barrier to effective treatment that appears to be augmented by p53 functional deficiency in many cancers. In p53-deficient cells in which the G1–S checkpoint is compromised, cell viability after DNA damage relies upon intact intra-S and G2–M checkpoints mediated by the ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related) and Chk1 kinases. Thus, a logical rationale to sensitize p53-deficient cancers to DNA-damaging chemotherapy is through the use of ATP-competitive inhibitors of ATR or Chk1. To discover small molecules that may act on uncharacterized components of the ATR pathway, we performed a phenotype-based screen of 9,195 compounds for their ability to inhibit hydroxyurea-induced phosphorylation of Ser345 on Chk1, known to be a critical ATR substrate. This effort led to the identification of four small-molecule compounds, three of which were derived from known bioactive library (anthothecol, dihydrocelastryl, and erysolin) and one of which was a novel synthetic compound termed MARPIN. These compounds all inhibited ATR-selective phosphorylation and sensitized p53-deficient cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents in vitro and in vivo. Notably, these compounds did not inhibit ATR catalytic activity in vitro, unlike typical ATP-competitive inhibitors, but acted in a mechanistically distinct manner to disable ATR–Chk1 function. Our results highlight a set of novel molecular probes to further elucidate druggable mechanisms to improve cancer therapeutic responses produced by DNA-damaging drugs. Cancer Res; 74(24); 7534–45. ©2014 AACR.</div>

Identification

10.1158/0008-5472.c.6506120.v1

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Marine Geophysical Research (2000)

A. Briais Heather Sloan Lindsay M. Parson Bramley J. Murton

Volcanic cone

Shield volcano

Lava field

10.1023/a:1004722213652

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Citations (35)