Tadataka Kinoshita

Nagoya University

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Syoyo NISHIMURA

Nagoya University

Islam Din Khan

University Grants Commission

Keisuke Kohmoto

Tottori University

Makoto Kimura

Nagoya University

Koki Toyota

Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Yumiko RENBUTSU

Tottori University

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Nagoya University

Tottori University

Jawaharlal Nehru University

Teikyo University

The University of Tokyo

Chungnam National University

University Grants Commission

Institut für Pflanzenkultur (Germany)

Indian Agricultural Research Institute

Regione Emilia-Romagna

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Microbiological factors affecting the colonization of tomato roots byRalstonia solanacearumYU1Rif43lux

Soil Science & Plant Nutrition (2000)

Koki Toyota Makoto Kimura Tadataka Kinoshita

Abstract We investigated the effect of prior colonization of sterile soils by a range of soil microbes on the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum YUIRif43 in an earlier report (Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 46, 449–459, 2000). Here, we report the effect of prior colonization of tomato roots, the host plant of the pathogen, by soil microbes on succeeding colonization by the pathogen. When the soil microbial community was introduced onto tomato roots, subsequent colonization by YUIRif431ux, a lux-marked mutant of YUIRif43, was remarkably suppressed compared with that in the absence of microorganisms which had previously colonized roots (hereafter referred to as priorcolonists). Soil bacteria, rather than fungi, were mainly responsible for the suppression. Next, the effect of individual microbial strains on the colonization by YUIRif43lux was examined. Some strains did not show any significant suppressive effect on subsequent colonization by YUIRif43Iux, unlike others. All the R. solanacearum strains used in this study, especially R. solanacearum NPSI (a weakly virulent mutant of YUl), were effective prior colonists against colonization by YUIRif431ux, that is, they markedly suppressed subsequent colonization by YUIRif431ux. Most of the strains that were effective prior colonists in soil in the earlier report were also effective at suppressing the colonization of tomato roots by YUIRif43Iux. YUIRif43lux competed on tomato roots with the strains that did not show previously an effect against colonization by YUIRif431ux, while root colonization by YUlRif43lux was reduced by co-inoculation with the strains that previously showed a colonization effect. These results suggested that soil bacteria were likely to be responsible for the suppression of colonization by YUIRif43lux of tomato roots, and that strains belonging to R. solanacearum among individual microbial strains might be the most effective antagonists against colonization by YUIRif431ux. Using Tn5-induced derivatives of a strain, Pseudomonas fluorescens MelRC2, one of the most effective priorcolonists, the contribution of motility, antibiosis, rhizosphere competence to the suppressiveness of P. fluorescens MelRC2 against colonization by YUIRif43lux were examined. Key Words: biological controlcompetitionprior colonization Pseudomonas fluorescens rhizosphere competence

Ralstonia solanacearum

Bacterial wilt

Colonisation

10.1080/00380768.2000.10409129

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Distribution of Tenuazonic Acid Production in the Genus Alternaria and its Pathological Evaluation

Japanese Journal of Phytopathology (1972)

Tadataka Kinoshita Yumiko RENBUTSU Islam Din Khan Keisuke Kohmoto Syoyo NISHIMURA

Tenuazonic acid which was reported hitherto from Alternaria tenuis and A. longipes has now also been found in A. kikuchiana and A. mali, during our investigations on the host-specific toxins in their culture filtrates. However, further investigation on the 19 different isolates of A. kikuchiana has revealed that tenuazonic acid was produced not in all isolates used, but in only 6 isolates. A similar investigation on A. mali showed that its productivity was in different proportions with the isolates. All virulent isolates of both the Alternaria spp. are well-known to produce a host-specific toxic filtrate, in which so-called host-specific toxin is contained. Tenuazonic acid was fairly toxic to young leaves of Japanese pear and apple which are host plants of both the fungi respectively, but not involved in a host specificity of culture filtrates, because both the resistant and susceptible cultivars of each plants were equally sensitive to tenuazonic acid. Among the isolates used, however, tenuazonic acid production was frequently found to be in harmony with that of host-specific toxin in culture filtrate. Screening of 185 isolates, belonging to several species of Alternaria, for tenuazonic acid production revealed its widespread occurrence in this genus. Results suggesting tenuazonic acid as a characteristic metabolite and not a pathogen toxin are also discussed in relation to chemotaxonomical interest.

10.3186/jjphytopath.38.397

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Citations (29)