Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors with poor prognosis. The migration-inducing gene-7 (Mig-7) protein is a cysteine-rich protein. Vasculogenic mimicry can replace endothelium-dependent blood vessels and supply blood to tumors, thus promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. They have also been shown to play critical roles in the development and progression of various cancers. We attempted to explore the role of Mig-7 and vasculogenic mimicry in glioma progression. We demonstrated that Mig-7 and vasculogenic mimicry were not expressed in normal tissues. In glioma, Mig-7 expression was positively associated with vasculogenic mimicry formation, the expression of both increased with increasing glioma pathological grade. In-vitro, Mig-7 silencing may inhibit the in-vitro invasiveness and formation of vasculogenic mimicry in human glioma U87 cells by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/ matrix metalloproteinases 2 and matrix metalloproteinases 9 signaling pathway. The present study thus indicates a potential role for Mig-7 as a target in the treatment of glioma.
Sn is a well-known grain boundary segregation element that improves the machinability of steel. Sn has been considered as a replacement for Pb in super-free-machining steels. The effect of Sn on the microstructure of the Fe-0.05C-0.03Si-1.28Mn-0.36S-0.05P base composition containing 0.0002 (without addition), 0.062, 0.12, and 0.18 Sn (wt.%) low-carbon free-machining steels was investigated though thermodynamic calculations, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscopy. The microstructure of the free-machining steels was composed of α-ferrite, pearlite, and manganese sulfide. Sn significantly decreased the pearlite content of the steels. Most of the Sn was dissolved in the matrix, and the remainder was dissolved in manganese sulfide. No FeSn intermetallic compound precipitation was observed through transmission electron microscopy, but a significant strengthening effect was observed in α-ferrite. Sn had little effect on the solidification behavior or sulfide precipitation behavior of the steels when its content was lower than 0.2 wt.%. Similar to Al and Si, Sn is a ferrite-stabilizing element that expands both the δ-ferrite and α-ferrite phase regions, promotes α-ferrite formation, and inhibits carbide precipitation. Sn segregates at the interface, decreasing the interfacial energy and promoting the Widmanstätten ferrite phase transformation. A much lower cooling rate than that of Sn-free free-machining steels should be adopted to restrain the formation of Widmanstätten ferrite after hot rolling. Sn addition greatly improved the machinability of the experimental steels.
At present, the effective ways to improve the cleanliness of S50C die steel are Ca or Mg-Al treatment processes. In order to explore the effect difference of two kinds of modification process of S50C killed steel, evaluate the industrial application prospect of the two processes, and clarify the modification mechanism. In this paper, the advantages of Mg-Al modification are demonstrated from the aspects of theoretical basis and actual sample modification effect. The thermodynamics and kinetics of inclusion precipitation, composition, morphology, and distribution are analyzed. The results show that: the precipitation temperature of MnS in S50C die steel is 1686 K, the corresponding solid-phase rate is 0.98. In Mg-Al modification, when the Al content is 332 ppm, the Mg content should be controlled below 14.1 ppm. When the Al content is higher than 0.02%, the Ca content should be controlled below 28.7 ppm. Kinetic calculations show that the equilibrium shape size of MnS is in the range of 0.3‑1.4 µm. Both modifications increase the nucleation rate of inclusions and control the shape and size of inclusions by pre-precipitation. Ca treatment is preventing the formation of large inclusions by forming calcium aluminate. Mg can provide more uniform nucleation sites and form smaller inclusions.
The current neurosurgical intervention for treatment of acute epidural hematoma (AEDH) usually involves a craniotomy. Despite its effectiveness, open surgical decompression has several limitations. The twist intraosseous drill needle (TIDN) is considered a feasible alternative in adult patients with AEDH. AEDH treatment with TIDN in pediatric patients has not yet been described. The study aimed to report the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive puncture with a TIDN combined with hematoma drainage for the treatment of AEDH in pediatric patients.We retrospectively collected medical records of children with AEDH who underwent TIDN surgery at our institution from January 2017 to May 2021, and analyzed their clinical and imaging results. A detailed step-by-step surgical guide was provided.Three pediatric patients with AEDH received TIDN treatment (including two males and one female; average age 7.66 years, range from 5 to 11 years). There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications in any case; 1 day after the operation, the AEDH was cleared in one of the three patients, and a slight hematoma remained in two patients. The remaining hematoma was evacuated after injecting urokinase into the hematoma cavity during indwelling drainage.For pediatric patients with AEDH in a stable condition with a clear consciousness, TIDN puncture combined with hematoma drainage is safe, effective, and less invasive, and may present a viable surgical alternative option.
Abstract Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage is a highly destructive intracranial disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. The main risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage include hypertension, amyloidosis, vasculitis, drug abuse, coagulation dysfunction, and genetic factors. Clinically, surviving patients with intracerebral hemorrhage exhibit different degrees of neurological deficits after discharge. In recent years, with the development of regenerative medicine, an increasing number of researchers have begun to pay attention to stem cell and exosome therapy as a new method for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage, owing to their intrinsic potential in neuroprotection and neurorestoration. Many animal studies have shown that stem cells can directly or indirectly participate in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage through regeneration, differentiation, or secretion. However, considering the uncertainty of its safety and efficacy, clinical studies are still lacking. This article reviews the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage using stem cells and exosomes from both preclinical and clinical studies and summarizes the possible mechanisms of stem cell therapy. This review aims to provide a reference for future research and new strategies for clinical treatment.
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