Jérémy Bouyer

Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes

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Marc J. B. Vreysen

International Atomic Energy Agency

Momar Talla Seck

Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles

Hanano Yamada

International Atomic Energy Agency

Philippe Solano

Université de Montpellier

Thierry Baldet

Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes

Renaud Lancelot

Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes

Sophie Ravel

Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite

Hamidou Maïga

Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé

Assane Guèye Fall

Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles

Geoffrey Gimonneau

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Cooperative Institutions

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

156

Université de Montpellier

156

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

142

Agropolis International

115

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement

109

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

107

International Atomic Energy Agency

Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'elevage en zone subhumide

Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes

Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle

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Modelling the effect of the sterile insect technique, alone or combined with insecticide auto-dissemination, on Aedes albopictus

Marion Haramboure Patrick Labbé Annelise Tran Thierry Baldet Jérémy Bouyer

The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is a demographic control procedure consisting in re-leasing males sterilized by ionizing radiations. A workaround technique, named boost-ed SIT, aims at contaminating the sterilized males with pyriproxyfen; the males would then transfer this insecticide to other compartments of the target population (females, breeding sites) through auto-dissemination. To anticipate the effect of SIT and boosted SIT on mosquito populations, they were included into an age-structured population model of Aedes albopictus in the geographical context of La Reunion Island. A sensitiv-ity analysis shows that timing and duration of the male release events, as well as the quantity of sterile males released, are of key importance for both control methods. The persistence of pyriproxyfen in larval habitat appears to be the major determinant for boosted SIT to be more efficient than SIT. While the model appears a powerful tool to investigate release strategies, our findings specifically call for lab experiments towards a better assessment of pyriproxyfen transfer rates and persistence in breeding sites.

Pyriproxyfen

Aedes albopictus

Sterile Insect Technique

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Ecologie des glossines du Mouhoun au Burkina Faso : intérêt pour l'épidémiologie et le contrôle des trypanosomoses africaines

Jérémy Bouyer

Les trypanosomoses animales africaines sont la principale contrainte pathologique a l’intensification de l’elevage dans le bassin du Mouhoun, Burkina Faso, ou leurs principaux vecteurs sont Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank et G. Tachinoides Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae). Les cordons ripicoles ont ete decrits en trois ecotypes subdivises en trois niveaux de degradation et associes aux densites apparentes de ces glossines riveraines, dont ils sont l’habitat. L’analyse des paysages peri-riverains, dont depend leur niveau de degradation, a alors permis de spatialiser le risque trypanosomien a travers les composantes principales de la capacite vectorielle (densite relative des vecteurs et % de glossines infectantes) sur la branche Est du Mouhoun, puis sur l’ensemble de la boucle du Mouhoun, aboutissant a la definition de 3 paysages a risque sur 702 km de reseau hydrographique. Afin d’analyser l’impact de la fragmentation des paysages sur la structure des metapopulations de glossines, leur dispersion en cordon ripicole conserve a ete modelisee a partir de donnees anciennes, par un processus de diffusion en reseau aboutissant a reevaluer a la hausse les capacites de deplacements distants de G. P. Gambiensis. Un protocole de marquages-lâchers-recaptures a alors permis de poser les bases d’un modele de dispersion en paysages fragmentes et d’evaluer l’impact potentiel de cette fragmentation sur la structuration entre sous-populations de glossines, mesuree sur 4 populations de la branche Ouest du Mouhoun par genetique des populations et morphometrie geometrique. Enfin, deux comportements limitant les risques associes a la prise du repas sanguin ont ete mis en evidence : le detournement des preferences trophiques vers le premier hote rencontre, qui a des consequences epidemiologiques importantes, et un tropisme d’attaque pour l’extremite des membres des bovins, qui a permis l’adaptation du pediluve acaricide/insecticide contre ces vecteurs

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Limited impact of vector control on the population genetic structure of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes from the sleeping sickness focus of Maro, Chad

Parasite (2024)

Sophie Ravel Adeline Ségard Brahim Guihini Mollo Mahamat Hissène Mahamat Rafael Argilés-Herrero

Tsetse flies (genus Glossina ) transmit deadly trypanosomes to human populations and domestic animals in sub-Saharan Africa. Some foci of Human African Trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (g-HAT) persist in southern Chad, where a program of tsetse control was implemented against the local vector Glossina fuscipes fuscipes in 2018 in Maro. We analyzed the population genetics of G. f. fuscipes from the Maro focus before control (T0), one year (T1), and 18 months (T2) after the beginning of control efforts. Most flies captured displayed a local genetic profile (local survivors), but a few flies displayed outlier genotypes. Moreover, disturbance of isolation by distance signature (increase of genetic distance with geographic distance) and effective population size estimates, absence of any genetic signature of a bottleneck, and an increase of genetic diversity between T0 and T2 strongly suggest gene flows from various origins, and a limited impact of the vector control efforts on this tsetse population. Continuous control and surveillance of g-HAT transmission is thus recommended in Maro. Particular attention will need to be paid to the border with the Central African Republic, a country where the entomological and epidemiological status of g-HAT is unknown.

10.1051/parasite/2024013

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Population Structuring of <I>Glossina palpalis gambiensis</I> (Diptera: Glossinidae) According to Landscape Fragmentation in the Mouhoun River, Burkina Faso

Journal of Medical Entomology (2007)

Jérémy Bouyer Sophie Ravel Jean-Pierre Dujardin Thierry De Meeûs Laurence Vial

The impact of landscape fragmentation due to human and climatic mediated factors on the structure of a population of Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank (Diptera: Glossinidae) was investigated in the Mouhoun river basin, Burkina Faso. Allele frequencies at five microsatellite loci, and metric properties based on 11 wing landmarks, were compared between four populations. The populations originated from the Mouhoun river and one of its tributaries. The average distance between samples was 72 km with the two most widely spaced populations being 216 km apart. The sampling points traversed an ecological cline in terms of rainfall and riverine forest ecotype, along a river enlarging from downstream to upstream and oriented south to north. Microsatellite DNA comparison demonstrated structuring between the populations, but not complete isolation, with an overall Fst = 0.012 (P < 0.001). Wing geometry revealed significant centroid size and shape differences between populations, especially between the two most distant populations. There was no significant correlation between gene flow and geographic distance at this scale, but there was a positive correlation in females between metric distances (wing shape differences) and geographic distances that might be attributed to the cline of environmental conditions. The impact of the fragmentation of riparian landscapes on tsetse population structure is discussed in the context of control campaigns currently promoted by Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign.

Glossinidae

Cline (biology)

Isolation by distance

Geographical distance

Ecotype

10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[788:psogpg]2.0.co;2

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Citations (73)

A need for a better integration of area-wide integrated pest management principles into vector control in Europe

Jérémy Bouyer Marc J. B. Vreysen

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Chilling, irradiation and transport of male Glossina palpalis gambiensis pupae: effect on the emergence, flight ability and survival.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2018)

Souleymane Diallo Momar Talla Seck Jean Baptiste Rayaissé Assane Guèye Fall Mireille Djimangali Bassène

Background The sterile insect technique (SIT) requires mass-rearing of the target species, irradiation to induce sexual sterility and transportation from the mass-rearing facility to the target site. Those treatments require several steps that may affect the biological quality of sterile males. This study has been carried out to evaluate the relative impact of the chilling, irradiation and transport on emergence rate, flight ability and survival of sterile male tsetse flies Glossina palpalis gambiensis. Results Chilling, irradiation and transport all affected the quality control parameters studied. The emergence rate was significantly reduced by long chilling periods and transport, i.e. from 92% at the source insectary to 78% upon arrival in Dakar. Flight ability was affected by all three parameters with 31% operational flies lossed between the source and arrival insectaries. Only survival under stress was not affected by any of the treatments. Conclusion The chilling period and transport were the main treatments which impacted significantly the quality of sterile male pupae. Therefore, the delivery of sterile males was divided over two shipments per week in order to reduce the chilling time and improve the quality of the sterile males. Quality of the male pupae may further be improved by reducing the transport time and vibration during transport. Keys words: Tsetse flies, mass-rearing conditions, sterile insect technique, quality

Sterile Insect Technique

Tsetse fly

10.1101/502567

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Citations (1)

DNA barcoding and molecular identification of field-collected Culicoides larvae in the Niayes area of Senegal

Parasites & Vectors (2018)

Mame Thierno Bakhoum Mamadou Adama Sarr Assane Guèye Fall Karine Huber Moussa Fall

Biting midge species of the genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) comprise more than 1300 species distributed worldwide. Several species of Culicoides are vectors of various viruses that can affect animals, like the African horse sickness virus (AHSV), known to be endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. The ecological and veterinary interest of Culicoides emphasizes the need for rapid and reliable identification of vector species. However, morphology-based identification has limitations and warrants integration of molecular data. DNA barcoding based on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) is used as a rapid and authentic tool for species identification in a wide variety of animal taxa across the globe. In this study, our objectives were as follows: (i) establish a reference DNA barcode for Afrotropical Culicoides species; (ii) assess the accuracy of cox1 in identifying Afrotropical Culicoides species; and (iii) test the applicability of DNA barcoding for species identification on a large number of samples of Culicoides larvae from the Niayes area of Senegal, West Africa.A database of 230 cox1 sequences belonging to 42 Afrotropical Culicoides species was found to be reliable for species-level assignments, which enabled us to identify cox1 sequences of Culicoides larvae from the Niayes area of Senegal. Of the 933 cox1 sequences of Culicoides larvae analyzed, 906 were correctly identified by their barcode sequences corresponding to eight species of Culicoides. A total of 1131 cox1 sequences of adult and larval Culicoides were analyzed, and a hierarchical increase in mean divergence was observed according to two taxonomic levels: within species (mean = 1.92%, SE = 0.00), and within genus (mean = 17.82%, SE = 0.00).Our study proves the efficiency of DNA barcoding for studying Culicoides larval diversity in field samples. Such a diagnostic tool offers great opportunities for investigating Culicoides immature stages ecology and biology, a prerequisite for the implementation of eco-epidemiological studies to better control AHSV in the Niayes region of Senegal, and more generally in sub-Saharan Africa.

Ceratopogonidae

DNA Barcoding

Culicoides

Entomology

Species complex

Parasitology

10.1186/s13071-018-3176-y

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Citations (23)

Tsetse diversity and abundance in Southern Burkina Faso in relation with the vegetation

Parasitology Research (2015)

J-B. Rayaisse Ernest Salou Sébastien Kiema Massouroudini Akoudjin Dramane Kaba

Riparian forest

Population density

Gallery forest

10.1007/s00436-015-4560-6

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Citations (8)

Spatial distribution modelling of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges, potential vectors of African horse sickness and bluetongue viruses in Senegal

Parasites & Vectors (2018)

Maryam Diarra Moussa Fall Assane Guèye Fall Aliou Diop Renaud Lancelot

In Senegal, the last epidemic of African horse sickness (AHS) occurred in 2007. The western part of the country (the Niayes area) concentrates modern farms with exotic horses of high value and was highly affected during the 2007 outbreak that has started in the area. Several studies were initiated in the Niayes area in order to better characterize Culicoides diversity, ecology and the impact of environmental and climatic data on dynamics of proven and suspected vectors. The aims of this study are to better understand the spatial distribution and diversity of Culicoides in Senegal and to map their abundance throughout the country.Culicoides data were obtained through a nationwide trapping campaign organized in 2012. Two successive collection nights were carried out in 96 sites in 12 (of 14) regions of Senegal at the end of the rainy season (between September and October) using OVI (Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute) light traps. Three different modeling approaches were compared: the first consists in a spatial interpolation by ordinary kriging of Culicoides abundance data. The two others consist in analyzing the relation between Culicoides abundance and environmental and climatic data to model abundance and investigate the environmental suitability; and were carried out by implementing generalized linear models and random forest models.A total of 1,373,929 specimens of the genus Culicoides belonging to at least 32 different species were collected in 96 sites during the survey. According to the RF (random forest) models which provided better estimates of abundances than Generalized Linear Models (GLM) models, environmental and climatic variables that influence species abundance were identified. Culicoides imicola, C. enderleini and C. miombo were mostly driven by average rainfall and minimum and maximum normalized difference vegetation index. Abundance of C. oxystoma was mostly determined by average rainfall and day temperature. Culicoides bolitinos had a particular trend; the environmental and climatic variables above had a lesser impact on its abundance. RF model prediction maps for the first four species showed high abundance in southern Senegal and in the groundnut basin area, whereas C. bolitinos was present in southern Senegal, but in much lower abundance.Environmental and climatic variables of importance that influence the spatial distribution of species abundance were identified. It is now crucial to evaluate the vector competence of major species and then combine the vector densities with densities of horses to quantify the risk of transmission of AHS virus across the country.

Ceratopogonidae

Culicoides

10.1186/s13071-018-2920-7

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Citations (23)

The Smart Aerial Release Machine, a Universal System for Applying the Sterile Insect Technique

PLoS ONE (2014)

Rubén Leal Mubarqui Rene Cano Perez Roberto Angulo Kladt Jose Luis Zavala López Andrew Parker

Background Beyond insecticides, alternative methods to control insect pests for agriculture and vectors of diseases are needed. Management strategies involving the mass-release of living control agents have been developed, including genetic control with sterile insects and biological control with parasitoids, for which aerial release of insects is often required. Aerial release in genetic control programmes often involves the use of chilled sterile insects, which can improve dispersal, survival and competitiveness of sterile males. Currently available means of aerially releasing chilled fruit flies are however insufficiently precise to ensure homogeneous distribution at low release rates and no device is available for tsetse. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we present the smart aerial release machine, a new design by the Mubarqui Company, based on the use of vibrating conveyors. The machine is controlled through Bluetooth by a tablet with Android Operating System including a completely automatic guidance and navigation system (MaxNav software). The tablet is also connected to an online relational database facilitating the preparation of flight schedules and automatic storage of flight reports. The new machine was compared with a conveyor release machine in Mexico using two fruit flies species (Anastrepha ludens and Ceratitis capitata) and we obtained better dispersal homogeneity (% of positive traps, p<0.001) for both species and better recapture rates for Anastrepha ludens (p<0.001), especially at low release densities (<1500 per ha). We also demonstrated that the machine can replace paper boxes for aerial release of tsetse in Senegal. Conclusions/Significance This technology limits damages to insects and allows a large range of release rates from 10 flies/km2 for tsetse flies up to 600 000 flies/km2 for fruit flies. The potential of this machine to release other species like mosquitoes is discussed. Plans and operating of the machine are provided to allow its use worldwide.

Sterile Insect Technique

Ceratitis capitata

10.1371/journal.pone.0103077

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Citations (38)