The objective was to discover the optimal media and the suitable culture condition for the germination of Dendrobium.Wardianum and to provide technique support for industrial seedling raising.According tothe tested results,the basic media,phytohormone,natural aqueous extracts carbon source and storage time effects on seed germiniation of Den.wardianum were studied.Seed germination percent was the highest on the media of B5 plus sugar 20 g/L and coconut water 200 ml/L cultured 50 days and the germination rate was reached to 79%.The basic media,phytohormone,natural aqueous extracts and nitrogen source condition were important to embryo germination.The germination media need more nitrate nitrogen than ammonium nitrogen.The high ratio of nitrate to ammonium(58.47:1) was beneficial for germination of Dendrobium.Wardianum seeds.The correct selection of basic media could avoide explant browning and shorten the culture time effectively.The phytohormone had inhibiting effect on seed germination.
In order to show the phenotypic variation of eight natural populations of Sinocalycanthus chinensis,22 phenotypic traits including flowers,leaves,fruits and seeds were investigated.Significant variations among and within populations were found(P 0.01).The average coefficient of variation(CVs) was 12.15%(ranging from 6.40% to 45.87%),while the average phenotypic differentiation coefficient(Vst) was 41.87%(ranging from 1.14%--85.07% ).The variation within eight populations(58.13% ) was larger than that among populations(41.87% ).The outer-perianth color of S.chinensis varied from white,baby pink,pink to dark pink and the proportion of outer-perianth color varied among different populations.Among the 22 phenotypic traits,eight showed a significant relation with ecological factors.According to a UPGMA cluster analysis,the eight populations were divided into four groups.The differentiation of phenotypic traits was consistent with the geological distribution of S.chinensis populations.
In view of the defects of traditional genetic algorithm(GA) applied to reactive power optimization of power system,and based on the characteristics of power distribution network,a mathematical model for reactive power optimization is established,which has comprehensively considered the yearly network loss,the voltage quality and the investment in compensation equipment. Meanwhile,adaptive GA is used to improve the genetic operator and the termination criterion of traditional GA,and then an improved GA for reactive power optimization of distribution network is put forward to enhance the calculation efficiency and the ability of global optimization.Calculation examples show that the optimization effect of the improved algorithm is better than that of the traditional GA.
A graphic and integrative program for fault analysis and protection setting is introduced,which takes database as its core,and applies advanced visual programming,OOP and modularization technologies.The overall SW architecture and the function models are expatiated.
In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region in recent decades,chlorotic Cinnamomum camphora has become more and more serious with urban landscape and greening benefits degraded due to physiological disease of this tree species. In this research,physiological and biochemical properties of chlorotic C. camphora leaves from trees in typical planted areas of Shanghai (botanical gardens,leisure open spaces,and sides of highways) and chlorophyll variation were studied. Results of chlorophyll (Chl) differences in chlorotic C. camphora leaves showed decreases in Chla(91.2%),Chlb(95.1%),carotenoids (82.2%),the ratio of chlorophyll/carotenoid (58.5%),superoxide dismutase(SOD)(46.4%),and peroxidase (POD)(66.6%),compared to the health leaves. Also,the active iron content in yellow leaves was 50%-65% of health leaves,and the chlorophyll a/b ratio of the serious yellow leaves increased 98.7% ,compared to the health leaves. The relative increase in carotenoid content could result in chlorotic C. camphora,whereas POD and SOD activity could indicate the degree of chlorosis. [Ch,8 fig. 2 tab. 20 ref.]
The influences of different transmittance(100%,50%,25% and 15%) and different water contents in soil(10%,25%,45% and 65%) on branch increment and some physiological indexes in leaf of Sinocalycanthus chinensis Cheng et S.Y.Chang were researched by pot experiment method,and the correlation among branch increment and physiological indexes in leaf was also analyzed.The results show that under 10% water content in soil or full illumination(100% transmittance) conditions,the branch increment and chlorophyll content in leaf of S.chinensis is the lowest,contents of MDA and soluble sugar,activities of SOD and POD all are higher,and contents of proline and soluble protein are the highest.Under the conditions with 50% and 25% transmittance or 25% and 45% water contents in soil, the branch increment and chlorophyll content in leaf increase,while other indexes all decrease to some extent.Under the conditions with 15% transmittance or 65% water content in soil,the branch increment and chlorophyll content in leaf decrease slightly,while other indexes all increase to some extent.In general,with enhancing of transmittance or reducing of water content in soil,the branch increment and chlorophyll content in leaf appear the trend of decreasing gradually,while other indexes all appear the trend of increasing gradually.The transmittance and water content in soil have the alternate effects on the branch increment and physiological indexes in leaf of S.chinensis,and the shading can reduce the injury of soil drought stress on S.chinensis to a certain extent while increasing of water content in soil can also reduce the injury of strong light on S.chinensis to a certain extent.But too low transmittance(15%) or too high water content in soil(65%) are unfavorable to growth of S.chinensis.The correlation analysis result shows that there are extremely significant negative correlation of the branch increment with POD activity,proline content and MDA content(P0.01),indicating that the branch increment of S.chinensis is closely related to the change of these three indexes in stress environment,therefore,the adapt degree of S.chinensis to habitat can be judged by means of above three indexes.According to these experiment results,it is conjectured that S.chinensis is suitable for growing in the habitat with 50% transmittance and 45% water content in soil under high tempreture in summer and should be planted together with arbors and ground cover plants in Shanghai area.
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