Ogura, M.; Watanabe, M.; Koshizuka, Y.; Kuraya, D.; Yoshida, T.; Yamashita, K.; Kamachi, H.; Suzuki, T.; Matsushita, M.; Yasunami, Y.; Todo, S. Author Information
A recent progress in operative techniques and improvement in pre-, intra- and postoperative patient care have enabled the positive application of pancreaticoduodenectomy even to aged patients. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed for carcinoma in region of the head of the pancreas in 186 patients in the period from January 1965 to December 1990, including 135 patients under 70 years and 51 patients over 70 years. In this study, comparison was made between two 'age groups, aged group over 70 years and younger group under 70 years. Some underlying diseases were found before operation in 50.4% of younger and 62.7% of aged patients, giving a slightly higher percentage in the group of aged patients. Significant differences was observed between the groups for the time required for operation (p<0.1) and amount of hemorrhage during operation (p<0.01), but nor for the stage of cancer, lymphnode dissection and incidence of postoperative complication. Prognosis was poor in either of the groups except patients with carcinoma of the papilla of Vater. When the average survival duration of aged patients after surgery was compared between pancreaticoduodenectomy and palliative operation, it was longer in the former with a significant difference. Pancreaticoduodenectomy should be applied positively even to aged patients. It is important, however, to employ extended operative procedures such as extended lymphnode dissection and resection involving vessels, fully respecting the quality of life of each individual patient, because those who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy are liable to develop diarrhea and other digestive disturbance after operation.
When dl -isoleucine was added to an ammonium nitrate-maltose medium during cultivation of Streptomyces sp. 732, quinomycin B formation was selectively enhanced (from 3 to 70% of the quinomycin mixture) and quinomycin C synthesis was inhibited completely. In addition, two new quinomycins, designated quinomycins D and E, were produced in the presence of isoleucine. These compounds were found to contain N -methylalloisoleucine. In experiments with isoleucine enantiomorphs, it was determined that the order of effectiveness for quinomycin B synthesis was dl -isoleucine > d -isoleucine > l -isoleucine. The extent to which quinomycin B synthesis is enhanced depends upon the concentration and the time of addition of isoleucine to the medium. The effect of dl -isoleucine was reduced to some extent by the addition of l -valine. It is conceivable that amino acids which are precursors of the N -methylamino acids in quinomycin can regulate quinomycin formation.
The results and problems of hepatic artery infusion therapy (HAI) for gastric carcinoma with synchronous liver metastasis were evaluated. The response rate of HAI with CDDP and 5-FU for metastatic liver tumor was 55% (1 CR + 5 PR/11). The median survival time for responders was 16.5 months, which was statistically longer than that of non-responders at only 5.5 months. Histologically, most responder cases were with AFP producing tumors and NSE positive tumors without distant lymph node involvement. Non-responder cases developed marked distant lymph node involvement besides the liver metastasis. Most of responder patients died of lymph node recurrence or distant metastasis other than liver tumor. It may be concluded that additional therapy to HAI is needed to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer patients with multiple liver metastases.
Aims] Skyrunning (SR) is an extreme sport of mountain running above 2,000 meters, and the number of participants in SR is rapidly increasing in Europe.In Japan, the sport has been growing in popularity since the establishment of the Japan Skyrunning Association (JSA) in 2013.However, the physical loads during SR remain unknown.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of SR on runners.[Methods] 7 healthy males and females performed skyrunning (from 1,500 m to 2700 m in altitude) followed by a pre-test (20 m shuttle-run, weight bearing index, vertical jump, muscle hardness and blood, saliva and urine sampling).The data was analyzed as the trained group (TR: n=4, 2 males & 2 females) and the untrained group (n=3, 2 males & 1 female).[Results] There was no significant difference in mean HR during SR, however %V ・ O 2max indicated a high value in TR (p<0.05).And there were no significant differences in vertical jump, muscle hardness and oxidative stress markers, however WBI was high in TR compared with in the untrained group (p<0.05).[Conclusion] Compared with the untrained group, TRs performed continuously high intensity exercise with an equal HR level in a hypoxic environment.
Lactic acid bacteria are known to have various health-promoting effects and are highly expected to find applications in anti-allergic food materials. In this study, we focused on Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 (LH2171), which reportedly modifies some unique immune responses and ameliorated symptoms of patients allergic to mites and house dust in the previous studies. We examined the effect of LH2171 on cytokine production by antigen-stimulated murine naïve splenocytes in vitro and demonstrated that it inhibited IL-4 and IL-13 production while enhancing IFN-γ and IL-10 production. Then, we examined the anti-allergic effect of LH2171 in vivo using a murine model of pollen allergy and found that LH2171 reduced the sneezing frequency when orally administered to mice. We successfully confirmed the immune modulatory activity of LH2171 and its anti-allergic activity against inhaled antigens. These evidences would contribute to identifying the anti-allergic mechanism of LH2171.Abbreviations: ALDH: aldehyde dehydrogenase; EGCG: epigallocatechin gallate; LAB: lactic acid bacteria; LH2171: Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171; NALT: nasal-associated lymphoid tissue; OVA: ovalbumin.
Lateral lymph node (LLN) metastasis is one of the forms of local recurrence after surgery for lower rectal cancer. We here present a case of LLN recurrence of rectal cancer that was shown by laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) to have a complete pathological response to chemotherapy. A 58-year-old man underwent open low anterior resection for lower rectal cancer. After detection of right LLN recurrence 43 months after the operation, 11 cycles of capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab chemotherapy were administered. Laparoscopic right LLND was performed 55 months after the first operation. Pathological examination revealed no viable tumor cells in the dissected lymph nodes. The patient remains alive without recurrence 61 months after the first surgery and 6 months after laparoscopic LLND. Laparoscopic LLND for LLN recurrence of rectal cancer is feasible and should be considered a valid treatment option.
