Jeremy M. Cohen

Yale University

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Jason R. Rohr

University of Notre Dame

David J. Civitello

Emory University

Erin L. Sauer

University of Arkansas at Fayetteville

Erin A. Mordecai

Stanford University

Taegan A. McMahon

Connecticut College

Matthew D. Venesky

University of South Florida

Neal T. Halstead

University of South Florida

Sarah A. Knutie

University of Connecticut

Brittany Sears

University of South Florida

Samantha L. Rumschlag

University of Notre Dame

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John Wiley & Sons (United States)

193

Ecological Society of America

192

IFC Research (United Kingdom)

106

Wyoming Game and Fish Department

University of South Florida

University of Wisconsin–Madison

Stanford University

University of California, Davis

Google (United States)

University of Notre Dame

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Certified Adversarial Robustness via Randomized Smoothing

International Conference on Machine Learning (2019)

Jeremy M. Cohen Elan Rosenfeld J. Zico Kolter

We show how to turn any classifier that classifies well under Gaussian noise into a new classifier that is certifiably robust to adversarial perturbations under the $\ell_2$ norm. This technique has been proposed recently in the literature, but existing guarantees are loose. We prove a tight robustness guarantee in $\ell_2$ norm for smoothing with Gaussian noise. We use randomized smoothing to obtain an ImageNet classifier with e.g. a certified top-1 accuracy of 49% under adversarial perturbations with $\ell_2$ norm less than 0.5 (=127/255). No certified defense has been shown feasible on ImageNet except for smoothing. On smaller-scale datasets where competing approaches to certified $\ell_2$ robustness are viable, smoothing delivers higher certified accuracies. Our strong empirical results suggest that randomized smoothing is a promising direction for future research into adversarially robust classification. Code and models are available at this http URL.

Smoothing

Robustness

Gaussian blur

Gaussian Noise

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Citations (481)

Antichrist and Jews in Literature, Drama, and Visual Arts

Cornell University Press eBooks (2022)

Jeremy M. Cohen

This chapter looks into the concept of the Antichrist and Jews being featured in literature, drama, and visual arts. It examines some works of vernacular literature, religious iconography, and more popular art that portrayed the eschatological Jew in diverse ways. As the Middle Ages wore on, the cultural horizons of Christian Europe's literary and artistic creativity broadened extensively. The chapter notes that some portrayals suggest the notion of ambivalence, hesitation, and nuance. It cites that the eschatological Jew remained a formidable presence during the late medieval or early modern European Christian, especially since the period is frequently preoccupied with apocalyptic yearning and fear.

Ambivalence

10.7591/cornell/9781501764721.003.0007

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Author response: Transmission of West Nile and five other temperate mosquito-borne viruses peaks at temperatures between 23°C and 26°C

Marta S. Shocket Anna B Verwillow Mailo G Numazu Hani Slamani Jeremy M. Cohen

West Nile virus

Nile delta

10.7554/elife.58511.sa2

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Citations (1)

A meta-analysis on global change drivers and the risk of infectious disease

Nature (2024)

Michael B. Mahon Alexandra Sack O. Alejandro Aleuy Carly Barbera Ethan Allan Brown

10.1038/s41586-024-07380-6

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Citations (32)

Global change drivers and the risk of infectious disease

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2022)

Michael B. Mahon Alexandra Sack O. Alejandro Aleuy Carly Barbera Ethan Allan Brown

Abstract Anthropogenic change is contributing to the rise in emerging infectious diseases, but it remains unclear which global change drivers most increase disease and under what contexts. We amassed a dataset from the literature that includes 1,832 observations of infectious disease responses to global change drivers across 1,202 host-parasite combinations. We found that biodiversity loss, climate change, and introduced species were associated with increases in disease-related endpoints or harm (i.e., enemy release for introduced species), whereas urbanization was associated with decreases in disease endpoints. Natural biodiversity gradients, deforestation, forest fragmentation, and most classes of chemical contaminants had non-significant effects on these endpoints. Overall, these results were consistent across human and non-human diseases. Context-dependent effects of the global change drivers on disease were common and are discussed. These findings will help better target disease management and surveillance efforts towards global change drivers that increase disease. One-Sentence Summary Here we quantify which global change drivers increase infectious diseases the most to better target global disease management and surveillance efforts.

Global Change

Deforestation

10.1101/2022.07.21.501013

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Transmission of West Nile and other temperate mosquito-borne viruses peaks at intermediate environmental temperatures

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2019)

Marta S. Shocket Anna B Verwillow Mailo G Numazu Hani Slamani Jeremy M. Cohen

ABSTRACT The temperature-dependence of many important mosquito-borne diseases has never been quantified. These relationships are critical for understanding current distributions and predicting future shifts from climate change. We used trait-based models to characterize temperature-dependent transmission of 10 vector–pathogen pairs of mosquitoes ( Culex pipiens , Cx. quinquefascsiatus , Cx. tarsalis , and others) and viruses (West Nile, Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis, St. Louis Encephalitis, Sindbis, and Rift Valley Fever viruses), most with substantial transmission in temperate regions. Transmission is optimized at intermediate temperatures (23–26°C) and often has wider thermal breadths (due to cooler lower thermal limits) compared to pathogens with predominately tropical distributions (in previous studies). The incidence of human West Nile virus cases across US counties responded unimodally to average summer temperature and peaked at 24°C, matching model-predicted optima (24–25°C). Climate warming will likely shift transmission of these diseases, increasing it in cooler locations while decreasing it in warmer locations.

Rift Valley Fever

10.1101/597898

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Citations (6)

Third-Person Effects and the Differential Impact in Negative Political Advertising

Deleted Journal (1991)

Jeremy M. Cohen R. F. Davis

People often assume that, because of their special knowledge, others will be influenced by mass media messages while they remain relatively untouched. This experiment uses negative political advertisements to find that when subjects saw their own candidates attacked, they reported they were not much influenced, but they said others would be. Conversely, when they saw an attack on a candidate they disliked, they reported themselves to be influenced but were less likely to think others would be. These trends worked more for negative advertising about Democratic candidate Michael Dukakis than those about the Republican winner George Bush.

Political advertising

George (robot)

10.1177/107769909106800409

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Citations (155)

Author response for "Are novel or locally adapted pathogens more devastating and why? Resolving opposing hypotheses"

Erin L. Sauer Matthew D. Venesky Taegan A. McMahon Jeremy M. Cohen Scott Bessler

10.1111/ele.14431/v3/response1

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Citations (0)

Author response for "Are novel or locally adapted pathogens more devastating and why? Resolving opposing hypotheses"

Erin L. Sauer Matthew D. Venesky Taegan A. McMahon Jeremy M. Cohen Scott Bessler