A new and efficient strategy was used to prepare p-tolylsulfonyl-β-cyclodextrin (TsO-β-CD). Subsequently, the smart and recyclable Fe 3 O 4 @APTES-β-CD nanoparticles with synergistic enhancement effect were prepared via between Fe 3 O 4 @APTES and TsO-β-CD. And then, the structure of TsO- β-CD and Fe 3 O 4 @APTES- β-CD were characterized. Finally, the Fe 3 O 4 @APTES-β-CD was utilized as a heterogeneous Fenton-like and synergistic catalyst. The catalytic property of Fe 3 O 4 @APTES-β-CD for 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (4-C-2-NP) was assessed. Accordingly, the degradation reactions fitted the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. In the meantime, the catalytic activity of Fe 3 O 4 @APTES-β-CD was higher than that of Fe 3 O 4 @APTES-α-CD or Fe 3 O 4 @APTES-γ-CD. More importantly, the Fe 3 O 4 @APTES-β-CD possessed excellent regeneration and reuse ability. In addition, the possible reaction route and degradation mechanism were proposed with synergistic catalytic system. Consequently, the Fe 3 O 4 @APTES-β-CD can potentially serve as a smart and recyclable heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst.
The objective of this study was to compare the single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic effect of a 10-mg oral dose of ebastine in elderly (ages, 65–85 years) and young (ages, 18–35 years) healthy volunteers. Thirty-seven subjects completed this randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose, placebo-controlled, parallel group study. The elderly group consisted of 18 subjects, with 13 subjects receiving 10 mg ebastine and 5 receiving matching placebo. The young group consisted of 19 subjects, with 13 subjects receiving 10 mg ebastine and 6 receiving matching placebo. On study days 1 and 3 through 10, each subject received a single 10-mg dose of ebastine or matching placebo in the morning with a standard breakfast. No drug was administered on study day 2 because of pharmacokinetic sampling. Blood samples were collected at selected times post-dose on study days 1, 2, and 10. Plasma samples were analyzed for ebastine and its active metabolite, carebastine, using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. No plasma ebastine concentrations were detected, suggesting essentially complete metabolic conversion of ebastine to its metabolites. Analysis of variance showed no statistically significant differences between young and elderly single- and multiple-dose carebastine pharmacokinetics with respect to area under the plasma concentration-time curve, maximum concentration (Cmax), terminal elimination rate constant, apparent oral clearance, or apparent volume of distribution. The mean time of maximum concentration value for young subjects was 1 hour longer than that for elderly subjects after single-dose administration but was comparable after multiple-dose administration. Within-group comparisons of both the young and elderly showed that pharmacokinetics between single dose and steady state were not statistically different. However, the mean steady-state carebastine Cmax values were approximately twofold greater than the mean Cmax values obtained after single-dose administration. A twofold increase in Cmax values between single-dose and steady-state administration is predicted for drugs such as carebastine, because its input interval is approximately equal to its elimination half-life. Twelve-lead electrocardiography was performed before dosing on day 1 and repeated 4 hours postdose on days 1, 5, and 10. Twenty-four hour Holter monitoring was also performed before and at the end of the study. No clinically relevant findings were found by electrocardiography or Holter monitoring between ebastine and placebo in the elderly and young subjects.
The objective of this investigation was to compare the single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetic profiles of Dilacor XR to Cardizem CD. The study enrolled 24 healthy males and was divided into three parts: a single intravenous 25-mg bolus dose of diltiazem HC1 (Cardizem Injectable) followed by a two-way crossover comparison of single and multiple once-daily 240-mg oral doses of Dilacor XR and Cardizem CD. Plasma samples were analyzed for diltiazem using a specific and sensitive HPLC assay. Statistical analysis and deconvolution were performed on the data. A 1− and 3-hour lag time in diltiazem absorption was noted following the administration of Dilacor XR and Cardizem CD, respectively. Statistically significant differences were noted in mean single- and multiple-dose tmax values with Cardizem CD taking approximately twice as long as Dilacor XR to reach Cmax. Dilacor XR was equivalent to Cardizem CD with respect to AUC(0−X) and Cmax. Equivalent minimum and average steady-state plasma diltiazem concentrations were noted after multiple-dose administration. Deconvolution of the single-dose data also showed similar mean bioavailabilities for the respective formulations but revealed dissimilarities in each product's absorption profile that may reflect observed differences in absorption lag time and tmax.
We aimed to investigate the associations between microvascular injuries, including arteriolosclerosis and venular collagenosis, and related parenchymal damages in aging brains, to investigate the underlying correlations.
Background:
Cerebrovascular parenchymal damage is prevalent in aging brains; however, its vascular etiology has not been fully elucidated. In addition to the underlying role of sclerotic arterioles, the correlation between collagenized venules has not been clarified.
Design/Methods:
We evaluated arteriolosclerosis and venular collagenosis in seven regions from 27 autopsy cases with no history of stroke or brain tumor. The correlations between the ratio of arteriolosclerosis, venular collagenosis, and the severity of cerebrovascular parenchymal damage, including lacunes, microinfarcts, myelin loss, and parenchymal and perivascular hemosiderin deposits, were assessed.
Results:
Arteriolosclerosis and venular collagenosis became more evident with age. Arteriolosclerosis was associated with lacunes (p = 0.004) and brain parenchymal hemosiderin deposits in the superior frontal cortex (p = 0.024) but not with leukoaraiosis severity. Venular collagenosis was not associated with the number of lacunes or hemosiderin, while white matter generally became paler with severe venular collagenosis in the periventricular (β = −0.430, p = 0.028) and deep white matter (β = −0.437, p = 0.025).
Conclusions:
Our findings imply an important role for venular lesions in relation to microvessel-related parenchymal damage which is different from that for arteriolosclerosis. Different underlying mechanisms of both cerebral arterioles and venules require further investigation. Disclosure: Ms. Cao has nothing to disclose. Miss Huang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mao has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Xu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Qian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ma has nothing to disclose. Dr. Qiu has nothing to disclose. Yi-Cheng Zhu has nothing to disclose.
Herein, a novel DA-β-CD-EP gel adsorbent was facilely prepared by chemical crosslinking method with dopamine (DA) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The structure of DA-β-CD-EP gel adsorbents were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XPS, SEM-EDS, TGA, and BET. The DA-β-CD-EP gel adsorbent displayed highly rapid malachite green (MG) removal almost 100% within 30 min. The influence of pH, adsorption time, dosage, and initial concentrations on the removal efficiency of MG was studied. Under optimal conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of DA-β-CD-EP gel adsorbent for MG was 652.1 mg/g. In addition, kinetic and isotherm adsorption of MG were described by Langmuir (R2 = 0.97944) and pseudo second-order models (R2 = 0.98318), respectively. Meanwhile, the experiment results showed that the DA-β-CD-EP gel adsorbent possessed good reusability and biodegradability. More importantly, the multiple adsorption mechanisms were proposed and proved such as hole size and shape effect, H-bonding and host-guest interactions. Among these mechanisms, the hole size and shape effect and host-guest interaction may play a dominant role on selective adsorption. Consequently, the DA-β-CD-EP gel can potentially serve as a recyclable and biodegradable adsorbent for selective removal of MG from mixed dyes.
Objective To compare the difference of target-controlled infusion of midazolam and propofol on anterograde amnesia in sober calm patient.Methods One hundred and twenty patients underwent the epidural anesthesia for the abdomen or legs operation were randomly divided into observation group and control group,every group for 60 cases.Patient in control group were given target-controlled infusion of propofol,patient in observation group were given target-controlled infusion of midazolam.Calmness depth were assessed by OAA/S mark criterion.The changes of SBP,DBP,HR,RR,SpO2 in the different time were recorded.Results The SBP,DBP,HR,RR,SpO2 in the observation group were not changed,HR in the control group was increased after intravenous injection for 1-5 min(P ＜ 0.05),return to onrmal after ten to twenty minutes; and the SBP,DBP,RR were not changed in the other time.The SpO2 was 95％-100％.The OAA/S mark was reduced from 4 to 2,calmness depth was gradually deepen,and the forgetting rate was gradually rising.Patients in 2-3 mark was 93.3％ and 65.0％,the complete forgetting rate was 91.7％ and 25.0％,the observation group was better than the control group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Both of midazolam and propofol have anterograde amnesia effect,and the propofol presented the effects in deeper sedation,midazolam has rerograde amnesia effect in shallow calm.
Key words:
Target-controlled infusion; Anterograde amnesia; Midazolam; Propofol
Abstract Background G6PD deficiency is a common inherited disorder worldwide and has a higher incidence rate in southern China. Many variants of G6PD result from point mutations in the G6PD gene, leading to decreased enzyme activity. This study aimed to analyse the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of G6PD deficiency in Guangzhou, China. Methods In this study, a total of 20,208 unrelated participants were screened from 2020 to 2022. G6PD deficiency was further analysed by quantitative enzymatic assay and G6PD mutation analysis. The unidentified genotype of the participants was further ascertained by direct DNA sequencing. Results A total of 12 G6PD mutations were identified. Canton ( c.1376G > T ) and Kaiping ( c.1388G > A ) were the most common variants, and different mutations led to varying levels of G6PD enzyme activity. Comparing the enzyme activities of the 6 missense mutations between the sexes, we found significant differences ( P < 0.05 ) in the enzyme activities of both male hemizygotes and female heterozygotes. Two previously unreported mutations ( c.1438A > T and c.946G > A ) were identified. Conclusions This study provided detailed genotypes of G6PD deficiency in Guangzhou, which could be valuable for diagnosing and researching G6PD deficiency in this area.
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