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Proceedings of Algae 2002, (Joint Conference of 26th Annual and 50th Anniversary Congress of Japanese Society of Phycology and 3rd Asian Pacific Phycological Forum), Tsukuba, Japan, 19-24 July, 2002.
Abstract This paper described antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Ficus deltoidea Jack. leaf extract as well as its chemical composition. The main objective of the present study was to reveal the potential of F. deltoidea leaf to be used as medicinal drug. Antimicrobial property of F. deltoidea leaf extract was revealed by using two fold dilution method whereas antioxidant activity of the extract was determined with α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The anticancer property of the plant extract was revealed through Colorimetric MTT (tetrazolium) assay against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). Chemical compounds of the plant extract were screening and identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The present study result showed that minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the plant extract against the tested bacterial isolates ranged from 31.26 to 125 mg/ l in which the plant extract can inhibit all the tested bacterial isolates. At the maximum concentration of the plant extract, it was only able to inhibit almost 30 % of DPPH while no anticancer activity was observed against MCF-7 cell. A total of 19 chemical compounds were successfully identified with the phenol 27.12 % and 2,4-bis (dimethylbenzyl)-6-t-butylphenol 11.83 % as the major compounds. Key words: Ficus deltoidea Jackleaf extractantioxidantanticancer propertyantimicrobial property
In the present study, an Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, depuration system was developed in order to purify and enhance the quality of Asian clam in term of bacterial coliform exposure. Bacterial analysis on Asian clam revealed that the level of bacterial coliform contamination in their tissue is high and proven to be non-suitable for human consumption in general. Therefore, a depuration system was developed in the present study to improve the quality of Asian clam. The depuration system is comprised of a glass aquarium equipped with a sponge filter system and water pump. In the depuration system, there was one container possessed Asian clam (n = 100) used for bacterial analysis on a weekly basis for 4 consecutive weeks. Total bacteria monitoring was carried out by using plate count method. The results of the experiment showed the depuration system in the present study was found to be capable in enhancing the quality of Asian clam from Class B to Class A within 2 weeks period. The findings of the present study were the first to be reported in the literature concerning the development of Asian clam depuration system in enhancing the clam quality to meet the standard for human consumption.
The aquaculture industry is geared toward intensification and successfully meets half of the world's demand for fish protein. The intensive farming system exposes the animal to the risk of disease outbreaks, which has economic consequences. Antibiotics are commonly used for the health management of aquaculture species. However, this has several drawbacks, including the increase in antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria and the entry of antibiotic residues into the human food chain, which is a public health and environmental concern. The potential of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and medicinal herbs as alternatives to antibiotics for the health management of aquaculture species has been investigated in numerous studies. This review discusses the potential use of combinations of probiotics and medicinal herbs as prophylactic agents in aquaculture, along with the definitions, sources, and modes of action. The positive aspects of combining probiotics and medicinal herbs on growth performance, the immune system, and disease resistance of aquaculture species are also highlighted. Overall, this review addresses the potential of combinations of probiotics and medicinal herbs as feed additives for aquaculture species and the key role of these feed additives in improving the welfare of aquaculture species.
This paper deals with the antibiogram, heavy metal tolerance and genetic properties of Edwardsiella tarda
colonizing live Asian Clam, Cor bicula fl uminea from Pasir Mas, Kelantan, Malaysia. Asian Clam is a popular
snack for Malaysians. An antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using the disc diffusion method against 19
types of antibiotics, namely: oxolinic acid, ampicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, oleandomycin, amoxicillin,
colistin sulphate, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, fl orfenicol, fl umequine, kanamycin,
nalidixic acid, novobiocin, tetracycline, fosfomycin, spiramycin and compound sulphonamides, whereas heavy
metal tolerance of bacteria to Hg2+, Cd2+, Cr6+ and Cu2+ was tested using the two fold agar dilution method.
The RAPD PCR profi le of the bacteria was characterized using three different types of universal primers.
It was found that there were most cases of antibiotic sensitivity (56.1%), followed by antibiotic resistance
(38.6%) and antibiotic intermediate sensitivity (5.3%). Only kanamycin was found to be able to inhibit all the
bacterial isolates present, whereas other bacterial isolates were resistant to fosfomycin, lincomycin, novobiocin
and sulphamethoxazole. Additionally, all bacterial isolates were also resistant to all the heavy metals tested. The
bacterial isolates present showed a percentage of genetic similarity ranging from 37.5% to 100%. In conclusion,
the fi ndings of the present study revealed that the sampled C. fl uminea were highly exposed to antibiotic and
heavy metal residues
African catfish is a popular freshwater aquaculture species as it can be farmed at high stocking density. However, high stocking density caused growth and health impairment. Hence, nutritional approach such as feed additive can be applied in fish farming to overcome this issue. This study evaluated the impacts of ginger (Zingiber officinale) leaf powder (GLP) on growth performance, digestive enzymes activities, antioxidative response, and disease resistance towards Edwardsiella tarda infection in African catfish. A feeding trial was performed using a control diet and four formulated diets with GLP at 1, 2, 3, and 4%. Ginger is an herb used in cuisine and traditional medicine. It was reported possesses medicinal values such as antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, and immune system modulator. After eight weeks, the growth performance of GLP-treated African catfish was significantly improved than control, and the best results were observed in the 2 and 3% groups (p<0.05). Meanwhile, fish supplemented with 1 and 4% GLP demonstrated comparable growth performance. There was a significant decreasing trend in FCR, HSI, and VI, where the lowest values were recorded by the 2 and 3% GLP diet groups, followed by 1% GLP, 4% GLP, and control groups (p<0.05). The digestive enzymes activity, including amylase, lipase, and protease, was significantly higher in dietary GLP groups than in control, where the highest activity was exhibited by groups 2 and 3% GLP (p<0.05), followed by 1% and 4% GLP groups. There was an increasing trend in the antioxidative response, where the GLP-treated groups had significantly higher catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities than the control, and the highest was observed in fish fed with 2 and 3% GLP (p<0.05). Furthermore, the GLP-treated groups had a significantly higher cumulative survival rate than the control, where 2 and 3% GLP groups demonstrated the highest survival (p<0.05), followed by 1 and 4% GLP groups. In summary, this study revealed that dietary GLP potentially enhanced African catfish production at recommended doses of 2 and 3%.
A total of 40 bacteria have been successfully isolated from internal organs of the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) raised in Malaysia, namely, eight isolates of Aeromonas spp., 21 of Edwardsiella spp., six of Flavobacterium spp. and five of Vibrio spp. In terms of antibiotic susceptibility testing, each isolate was tested against 21 antibiotics, resulting in 482 (57.3%) cases of sensitivity and 61 (7.3%) cases of partial sensitivity. Meanwhile, 297 (35.4%) bacterial isolates were registered as resistant. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of each bacterial species indicated that bacteria from raised bullfrogs have been exposed to tested antibiotics with results ranging from 0.27 to 0.39. Additionally, high percentages of heavy metal resistance among these isolates were observed, with values ranging from 85.0 to 100.0%. The current results provided us information on bacterial levels of locally farmed bullfrogs exposed to copper, cadmium, chromium as well as 21 types of antibiotics.
Abstract Million tonnes of agricultural waste are generated annually worldwide. Agricultural wastes possess similar profiles to the main products but are lower in quality. Managing these agricultural wastes is costly and requires strict regulation to minimise environmental stress. Thus, these by-products could be repurposed for industrial use, such as alternative resources for aquafeed to reduce reliance on fish meal and soybean meal, fertilisers to enrich medium for growing live feed, antimicrobial agents, and immunostimulatory enhancers. Furthermore, utilising agricultural wastes and other products can help mitigate the existing environmental and economic dilemmas. Therefore, transforming these agricultural wastes into valuable products helps sustain the agricultural industry, minimises environmental impacts, and benefits industry players. Aquaculture is an important sector to supply affordable protein sources for billions worldwide. Thus, it is essential to explore inexpensive and sustainable resources to enhance aquaculture production and minimise environmental and public health impacts. Additionally, researchers and farmers need to understand the elements involved in new product development, particularly the production of novel innovations, to provide the highest quality products for consumers. In summary, agriculture waste is a valuable resource for the aquafeed industry that depends on several factors: formulation, costing, supply, feed treatment and nutritional value.
Aim:The aim was to evaluate antimicrobial property of bacteriocin isolated from Escherichia coli against pathogenic bacteria from aquaculture sites.Materials and Methods: E. coli was isolated from fermented pineapple Ananas comosus using eosin methylene blue agar.The antimicrobial activity of the isolated E. coli was screened using hole-plate diffusion method.The bacterial strain that showed the widest inhibition zone was selected and grown in tryptic soy broth, followed by partial purification of bacteriocin by using ammonium sulphate.Bacteriocin derived from the E. coli was subjected to the antimicrobial test against 55 bacteria strains namely Aeromonas hydrophila (n=10), Citrobacter freundii (n=5), Edwardsiella tarda (n=10), Flavobacterium spp.(n=10), Pseudomonas spp.(n=10), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n=5) and Vibrio alginolyticus (n=5) by using twofold broth microdilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the bacteriocin against the tested bacteria. Results:The results of the present study showed that the MIC values of the partially purified bacteriocin against present pathogenic bacteria isolates ranged from 7.81 to 31.25 ppm whereas the MIC values of kanamycin (positive control) ranged from 15.63 to 125 ppm. Conclusion:The results of the present study showed the bacteriocin derived from E. coli can control all the present bacterial isolates indicating the huge potential of the bacteriocin as a new antimicrobial agent for aquaculture uses.
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