Conjunctivitis is commonly reported in dupilumab users with atopic dermatitis (AD), and few studies have compared the risk of conjunctivitis among patients with different indications. This study aimed to investigate the association between dupilumab and conjunctivitis in various diseases. The protocol of this study was registered on PROSPERO (ID CRD42023396204). The electronic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted for the period from their inception to January 2023. Only placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The main outcome was the incidence of conjunctivitis during the study period. The subgroup analysis was performed for patients with AD and non-AD indications, which include asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and eosinophilic esophagitis. In total, 23 RCTs involving 9153 patients were included for meta-analysis. Dupilumab users exhibited significantly higher risk of conjunctivitis (risk ratio [RR], 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-2.67) than placebo users. Notably, significantly increased incidence of conjunctivitis was observed in the dupilumab group relative to the placebo group among patients with AD (RR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.84-3.12) but not among patients with non-AD indications (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.43-1.13). In conclusion, only dupilumab users with AD but not those with non-AD indications reported an elevated incidence of conjunctivitis.
최근 발굴된 「애정의 진리」, 「애정무효」, 「잊을 수 없는 과거」와 같은 일련의 단편 애정 세태소설들은 손창섭의 초기소설과 후기소설의 전환이 비교적 점진적으로 나타났으며, 단편에서 장편으로의 전면적인 형식적 전환이 나타나기에 앞서 후기소설의 주제적 특성이 이미 암시되었음을 확인할 수 있는 근거이자 단서이다. 이 세 소설의 가치와 의미는 개별 작품론을 넘어서 손창섭 작가론의 측면에서 다루어졌을 때 보다 명확히 드러낼 수 있다.BR 이처럼 손창섭의 소설 「애정의 진리」, 「애정무효」, 「잊을 수 없는 과거」는 개별 작품의 분석과 연구의 필요성 외에도 손창섭 소설의 변모 양상을 밝히기 위해 함께 연구될 필요가 있다. 이 글은 이와 같은 연구적 관심을 바탕으로 「애정의 진리」, 「애정무효」, 「잊을 수 없는 과거」의 인물 설정과 주요 모티프에 나타나는 유사성과 차이에 주목하고, 이를 통해 손창섭 후기소설의 계보에서 차지하는 의미와 역할을 확인하고자 하였다.BR 「애정의 진리」, 「애정무효」, 「잊을 수 없는 과거」는 손창섭의 소설 경향이 신문연재소설로 변화되는 시점에 발표된 단편소설들로서 손창섭의 후기소설의 주요 인물 설정, 모티프, 주제 의식을 발견할 수 있으며 이는 후기소설을 해석하는 데 큰 도움을 준다. 이 소설들을 발표한 이후 손창섭은 후기소설에서 지속적으로 가부장제 시스템에 대한 비판과 해체를 제안하는 것으로 해석될 수 있는 애정 세태소설에 매진한다. 그는 일련의 애정 세태소설들을 통해 사회체계로서의 가부장제를 거부하고 그 대안을 모색해 나갔다.
Copy number variations (CNVs) have emerged as significant contributors to the elusive genetic causality of inherited eye diseases. In this study, we describe a case with optic atrophy and a brain aneurysm, in which a de novo CNV 3q29 deletion was identified.
Abstract Aims Sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are proposed to alleviate the development of inflammatory eye diseases. However, the association between SGLT2i and retinal vascular occlusion remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects of SGLT2i on the incidence of retinal vascular occlusion. Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study analysed electronic medical records data from the largest multi‐institutional database in Taiwan. Individuals who initiated SGLT2is and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4is) between 2016 and 2019 were included in our analysis. To conduct a homogenous comparison, inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity scoring was employed. The primary outcome was retinal vascular occlusion, and the secondary outcomes were retinal vascular occlusion‐related complications (macular oedema, vitreous haemorrhage, and tractional retinal detachment) and conditions requiring vitreoretinal intervention (intravitreal injection, retinal laser therapy, and vitrectomy). Results In total, 12,074 SGLT2i users and 39,318 DPP4i users were included. The incidence rate of retinal vascular occlusion in the SGLT2i and DPP4i groups was 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9–1.4) and 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3–1.8) events per 1000 person‐years, respectively, which yielded a subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.55–0.99). Similar risk reductions were observed in the retinal vascular occlusion‐related complications (SHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69–0.84) and conditions requiring vitreoretinal intervention (SHR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77–0.94). Conclusions In this multi‐institutional study in Taiwan, SGLT2i use was associated with a reduced risk of retinal vascular occlusion. Further prospective studies are required to ascertain this association.
Purpose: To determine the association of corneal sensitivity and tear functions on the prognosis of eyes after posttraumatic recurrent corneal erosion syndrome (RCES). Methods: Patients were enrolled retrospectively and had unilateral RCES and a history of ocular surface trauma. A corneal sensitivity test and tear function test (tear break-up time and Schirmer test) were performed at three time points (month 1 to month 3, month 3 to month 6, and month 6 to month 12). Depending on the number of recurrences during the follow-up, patients were divided into group A (n > 2) or group B (n = 2). A comparison between diseased and normal fellow eyes in each patient was performed. Results: A total of 31 patients were enrolled and divided into group A (n = 14) and group B (n = 17). The mean age was 40.3 ± 12.2 years, whereas the mean follow-up was 28.0 ± 3.6 months. During the study period, corneal sensitivity, tear break-up time, and the Schirmer test results were all lower in diseased eyes than in normal fellow eyes in both groups. Compared to the first time point, recovery of corneal sensitivity and the Schirmer test values were observed in diseased eyes in group B at the second and third time points. Conclusions: Poor corneal sensitivity and tear function are associated with posttraumatic RCES. Recovery of corneal sensitivity and tear function may be associated with a reduction of recurrence in eyes with posttraumatic RCES.
1960년대 이후 저널리즘이 확대되면서 손창섭은 독자 대중을 대상으로 하는 신문연재 소설로 매체를 바꾸게 된다. 이는 독자층을 확대하고 자신의 소설 세계를 지속하는 결과를 낳았기에, 1960년대 이후 손창섭 소설의 검토는 그의 작가론의 구축에 중요한 지점이 된다.BR 손창섭 소설을 크게 두 단계로 나누어 보았을 때, 1960년부터 1970년까지의 시기에 발표된 소설은 후기소설로 분류할 수 있다. 후기소설의 테마는 애정문제에 집중되어 있으며, 특히 가정 내 부부 관계를 중심으로 사회비판 의식을 이어오는 부부 테마 소설이 대표적이다. 후기의 부부 테마 소설들은 단편 현대소설이 주를 이루는 초기소설과 도일(渡日) 이후의 역사문제 소설들의 가교 역할을 하며 손창섭 소설을 관통하는 주제의식을 내포하고 있다.BR 손창섭의 부부 테마 연재장편소설은 구성과 주제의 측면에서 유사성을 갖는다. 유형별로 살펴보면, 여성 주동인물 유형의 소설은 현실의 가부장적 체제의 전복을 도모하지만 결국 실패하고 새로운 가부장의 질서로 편입되는 결말을 하는 반면에, 남성 주동인물 유형의 소설은 기존의 가족 관계를 해체하고 새로운 형태의 유사가족을 형성하는 것으로 귀결된다. 두 유형 모두 사회의 축소된 형태로서 합리적 계약관계인 가족과 부부 관계를 제시하여 한국 사회를 비판하는데 초점을 맞추었다.BR 「세월이 가면」은 발표시기로 볼 때 후기소설의 선두에 서는 작품으로 이후 발표되는 소설들이 갖는 여러 요소들이 복합적으로 내포되어 있는 문제작이다. 「세월이 가면」과 「결혼의 의미」는 모두 중요 남성인물이 서울을 떠나서 새로운 가족을 형성한다는 점에서 공통되며, 이러한 귀농 모티프는 손창섭의 후기소설에 반복적으로 나타나며 매우 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 「결혼의 의미」는 한 여성이 결혼에 이르기까지의 과정과 결혼생활을 통해 여성에게 가해지는 사회적 관습과 가족제도를 내면화하는 과정을 보여주는 소설이다.BR 이 두 소설을 통해 손창섭은 연애와 결혼이라는 일상적 소재를 통해 드러나는 한국사회의 풍속과 가치관을 비판적으로 묘사하였다, 이러한 사회비판적 작가의식은 한국사회의 일상성에 포섭되지 못하는 이방인으로서의 손창섭의 정체성을 말해준다.
This study aimed to compare the clinical performance between a smartphone-based fundus photography device and a contact imaging device for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening. All patients were first examined with binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO), which served as the reference standard. The patients were then assessed by two devices. Imaging quality, ability to judge the zone and stage of ROP, agreement with the BIO results, vital signs, and pain scores were compared between these two devices. In total, 142 eyes of 71 infants were included. For the smartphone-based fundus photography, image quality was graded excellent or acceptable in 91.4% of examinations, although it was still significantly inferior to that of the contact imaging device (p < 0.001). The smartphone-based fundus photography images had moderate agreement with the BIO results regarding the presence or absence of plus disease (Cohen’s κ = 0.619), but evaluating the zone (p < 0.001) and stage (p < 0.001) of ROP was difficult. Systemic parameters, except for heart rate, were similar between the two imaging devices (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, although the smartphone-based fundus photography showed moderate agreement for determining the presence or absence of plus disease, it failed to identify the zone and stage of ROP.
In this study, we aimed to develop a deep learning model for identifying bacterial keratitis (BK) and fungal keratitis (FK) by using slit-lamp images. We retrospectively collected slit-lamp images of patients with culture-proven microbial keratitis between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019 from two medical centers in Taiwan. We constructed a deep learning algorithm consisting of a segmentation model for cropping cornea images and a classification model that applies different convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to differentiate between FK and BK. The CNNs included DenseNet121, DenseNet161, DenseNet169, DenseNet201, EfficientNetB3, InceptionV3, ResNet101, and ResNet50. The model performance was evaluated and presented as the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curves. A gradient-weighted class activation mapping technique was used to plot the heat map of the model. By using 1330 images from 580 patients, the deep learning algorithm achieved the highest average accuracy of 80.0%. Using different CNNs, the diagnostic accuracy for BK ranged from 79.6% to 95.9%, and that for FK ranged from 26.3% to 65.8%. The CNN of DenseNet161 showed the best model performance, with an AUC of 0.85 for both BK and FK. The heat maps revealed that the model was able to identify the corneal infiltrations. The model showed a better diagnostic accuracy than the previously reported diagnostic performance of both general ophthalmologists and corneal specialists.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(60)'/%3e%3ccircle r='17' fill='%23000095'/%3e%3ccircle r='15' fill='%23fff'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)
