Richard T. Reid

General Atomics (United States)

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Tadimeti S. Rao

Janssen (United States)

Marwan N. Sabbagh

Barrow Neurological Institute

Aida Sacaan

Pfizer (United States)

Lucia Correa

Universitat Ramon Llull

G. Kenneth Lloyd

Duke University Hospital

Laura E. Chavez-Noriega

Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)

Emily M. Santori

General Atomics (United States)

Kenneth A. Stauderman

CalciMedica (United States)

Nicholas D. P. Cosford

Discovery Institute

Pamala Adams

General Atomics (United States)

Cooperative Institutions

Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)

General Atomics (United States)

University of California, San Diego

Banner Sun Health Research Institute

University College London

Banner Health

VA San Diego Healthcare System

Center for Clinical Research (United States)

Barrow Neurological Institute

Neurosciences Institute

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Investigation of the mechanism of iron acquisition by the marine bacterium Alteromonas luteoviolaceus : Characterization of siderophore production

Limnology and Oceanography (1991)

Richard T. Reid Alison Butler

Iron availability in the ocean ranges from one to four orders of magnitude below typical growth requirements of bacteria. The discrepancy between Fe availability and requirements raises questions about the mechanisms that marine bacteria use to sequester Fe3+. Surprisingly little is known about the siderophores produced by marine bacteria. Growth conditions of an open-ocean bacterial isolate, Alteromonas luteoviolaceus, were investigated to determine the conditions which enhance siderophore production. Methods to isolate and purify the siderophores were determined. The siderophores produced by A. luteoviolaceus were partially characterized by mass spectral analysis, amino acid analysis, qualitative analytical tests, chemical degradation, and nuclear magnetic resonance. A new set of outer membrane proteins was also produced when the bacterium was grown under Fe-limited conditions.

Alteromonas

Marine bacteriophage

10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1783

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Citations (82)

P2-265 Smoking affects the phenotype of Alzheimer's disease

Neurobiology of Aging (2004)

Marwan N. Sabbagh Suzanne L. Tyas Shawn Clark Emery Lawrence A. Hansen Michael Alford

Perseveration

Verbal fluency test

Escitalopram

Executive dysfunction

Depression

10.1016/s0197-4580(04)81010-8

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Citations (0)

Pharmacological Characterization of SIB-1765F: A Novel Cholinergic Ion Channel Agonist

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (1997)

Aida Sacaan Richard T. Reid Emily M. Santori P Adams Lucia Correa

Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NAChR), nonselectively activates NAChR limiting its use in elucidating the function of NAChR subtypes. SIB-1765F is a subtype selective NAChR agonist that displaces [3H]-nicotine binding with an IC50 of 4.6 nM and [3H]-cytisine binding with an IC50 of 12.2 nM which is 2000- to 6000-fold lower than its displacement of [3H]-QNB or [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin. SIB-1765F did not inhibit human or rat cholinesterases or the uptake of [3H]-DA in synaptosomal preparations. SIB-1765F mimicked (-)-nicotine in stimulating [3H]-DA release from rat striatal and olfactory tubercle slices, with EC50 values of 99.6 and 39.6 microM, respectively. Such stimulation was sensitive to mecamylamine and DH beta E. SIB-1765F also released endogenous DA in the striatum and the nucleus accumbens as measured by in vivo microdialysis. SIB-1765F was less efficacious than (-)-nicotine at stimulating [3H]-NE release from rat hippocampal slices; in contrast, SIB-1765F increased [3H]-NE release from rat thalamic and cortical slices with efficacies approaching those of (-)-nicotine. Similar to (-)-nicotine and (+/-)-epibatidine, subcutaneous administration of SIB-1765F increased the turnover rate of dopamine ex vivo both in the striatum and olfactory tubercles in a mecamylamine-sensitive manner. Because the release of striatal DA and hippocampal NE appears to be regulated by distinct NAChR, differential effects of SIB-1765F on striatal DA and hippocampal NE release supports the NAChR subtype selectivity of SIB-1765F compared to (-)-nicotine. This is further demonstrated by observations showing that SIB-1765F has a higher affinity for h alpha 4 beta 2 NAChR relative to h alpha 4 beta 4 NAChRs in displacing [3H]-epibatidine binding and increasing cytosolic CA+2 concentration in cell lines stably expressing h alpha 4 beta 2 or h alpha 4 beta 4.

Mecamylamine

Epibatidine

10.1016/s0022-3565(24)36402-x

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Citations (54)

Conformationally restricted analogues of nicotine and anabasine

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (1998)

Jean‐Michel Vernier Heather Holsenback Nicholas D. P. Cosford Jeffrey P. Whitten Frédérique Menzaghi

Anabasine

10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00394-1

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Citations (41)

In vivo pharmacological characterization of (±)-4-[2-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]thiophenol hydrochloride (SIB-1553A), a novel cholinergic ligand: microdialysis studies

Brain Research (2003)

Tadimeti S. Rao Richard T. Reid Lucia Correa Emily M. Santori Michael F. Gardner

Mecamylamine

Epibatidine

Microdialysis

Methyllycaconitine

10.1016/s0006-8993(03)03174-3

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Citations (18)

Long-term, double-blind randomized parallel group studies comparing fenbufen and indomethacin in patients with osteoarthritis.

PubMed (1982)

Robert T. Salzman Richard T. Reid

A controlled trial was designed to compare both the long-term efficacy and the safety of fenbufen and indomethacin in patients with osteoarthritis. One hundred and ten patients of both sexes (aged 33 to 79 years) who had both subjective and objective (including radiological) evidence of osteoarthritis, and who met the minimal entry criteria, were enrolled into the studies. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either fenbufen capsules b.i.d. (600-1000 mg/day) or identical appearing indomethacin capsules b.i.d. (750-125 mg/day). Thirty-seven fenbufen and 26 indomethacin patients completed twelve months of treatment. Both fenbufen and indomethacin provided statistically nd clinically significant improvement at months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12. There were no significant differences in improvement between the two treatment groups. Fenbufen-treated patients, however, reported fewer occurrences (4) of severe drug-related adverse experiences than indomethacin-treated patients (20). Significantly fewer headaches were reported with fenbufen and the number of patients terminating treatment because of adverse experiences was significantly greater with indomethacin. Fenbufen, in this patient population, provided a superior ratio of benefits to risk for the long-term treatment of osteoarthritis.U

Phenylbutyrate

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The Alterobactins, siderophores from the marine bacterium Alteromonas luteoviolacea

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry (1993)

Richard T. Reid Alison Butler

Alteromonas

Marine bacteriophage

10.1016/0162-0134(93)85595-y

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Citations (0)

A double-blind, randomized trial of 0.5% podofilox and placebo for the treatment of genital warts in women.

PubMed (1991)

Mitchell Greenberg Lisa H. Rutledge Richard T. Reid Nancy Berman Sheryl L. Precop

Patient-applied formulations of 0.5% podofilox (podophyllotoxin) were evaluated for the treatment of external genital warts in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Seventy-two women were enrolled and, using a randomized, computer-generated list, assigned to receive either active drug or placebo in a 2:1 ratio. Patients were instructed to apply the medication to their external warts twice each day for 3 consecutive days, followed by 4 days without treatment. This cycle was repeated at weekly intervals for a maximum of 4 weeks (and a minimum of 2 weeks). Patients were evaluated weekly for the first month and then at weeks 6 and 10. The number of warts present was recorded and the overall improvement was assessed. The treated area was examined, the patients were questioned about any adverse effects, and standard hematologic/biochemical studies were conducted. The final results showed that podofilox cleared 74% of the total wart count, compared with an 18% regression in the placebo group (P less than .001). The investigators' assessments of improvement correctly distinguished active drug from placebo at every observation point. Local untoward effects were minor and transient. There was no evidence of systemic effects. It is concluded that patient-applied podofilox is a safe and effective therapy for genital condylomata in women. When available, this drug will simplify the treatment of genital warts by providing a patient-applied alternative therapy.

Genital warts

Clearance

Sex organ

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Citations (91)

In vitro pharmacological characterization of (±)-4-[2-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]thio]phenol hydrochloride (SIB-1553A), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand

Brain Research (2003)

Tadimeti S. Rao Pamala Adams Lucia Correa Emily M. Santori Aida Sacaan

Epibatidine

Mecamylamine

Sigma receptor

Nicotinic Antagonist

10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02979-2

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Citations (18)

P2‐373: Chronic rivastigmine administration reduces beta‐amyloid levels in a transgenic mouse model for Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer s & Dementia (2008)

Douglas G. Walker Lih‐Fen Lue Richard T. Reid Marwan N. Sabbagh

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the primary approved treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The rationale for use of these drugs is that enhancement of levels of acetylcholine in brains of AD patients can improve memory function; however, a range of observational or experimental studies indicate that these drugs may also have disease-modifying effects, where the pathological course of the disease is altered. Although studies have shown that enhancement of acetylcholine levels can affect the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to Aβ through activation of acetylcholine receptors, additional mechanisms are possible. The aim of these studies were to determine if rivastigmine, used in chronic treatment models, had an effect on APP metabolism and plaque development independent of its effect as an AChE inhibitor. Transgenic mouse line J20 overexpressing mutated human APP transgenes (Swedish mutations: K670N and M671L and Indiana mutation: V717F) were used in this study. Rivastigmine (2mg/kg) freshly prepared in 2% sucrose in drinking water every three days was given to 17 mice to consume orally starting from 3 months of age for 5 months. A group of mice were administered vehicle alone. Nicotinic receptor binding levels were measured using epibatidine (3H-EPI). Aβ 1–42 and 1–40 concentrations in hippocampus and cortex were assayed by ELISA, as were concentrations of synaptophysin and glial fibrillary acidic protein, while plaque load was assessed by Aβ immunohistochemistry and thioflavin S histochemistry. Mice treated for 5 months with rivastigmine had reductions of Aβ 1–42 in hippocampus of 35.2% (P< 0.05), and 64.4% (P<0.05) in neocortex, while Aβ 1–40 was reduced by 77.6% in hippocampus (P<0.001) and 49.1% in neocortex (P<0.05). Neuroprotection of rivastigmine was apparent as treated mice had significantly higher levels of synaptophysin protein compared to untreated. The mechanism of action of rivastigmine appears different from other AChE inhibitors. Mice exposed to rivastigmine had significantly decreased levels of EPI binding (31.6 fm/mg protein) compared to VEH (42.9 fm/mg protein). These studies demonstrated that rivastigmine was effective in lowering Aβ levels in chronic treated animals. Understanding the mechanisms of action will aid in developing new AD disease-modifying strategies.

Rivastigmine

Synaptophysin

Thioflavin

10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.1451

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Citations (2)