Peter Hoor

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

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Heiko Bozem

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

121

Daniel Kunkel

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

Andreas Engel

Goethe University Frankfurt

Andreas Zahn

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Jos Lelieveld

Cyprus Institute

Johannes Schneider

Max Planck Institute for Chemistry

Andreas Herber

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

Hans Schlager

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

Patrick Jöckel

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

Jens‐Uwe Grooß

Forschungszentrum Jülich

Cooperative Institutions

Max Planck Institute for Chemistry

180

Max Planck Society

134

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

Forschungszentrum Jülich

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Heidelberg University

NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research

University of Colorado Boulder

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Research Field

Stratospheric dryness

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2006)

Jos Lelieveld Carsten A. Brühl Patrick Jöckel B. Steil P. J. Crutzen

Dryness

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Temporal evolution of composition and transport in the Arctic UTLS during PGS 2015/16

The EGU General Assembly (2017)

Jens Krause Jens‐Uwe Grooß Felix Ploeger Björn‐Martin Sinnhuber Martin Riese

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In situ detection of stratosphere‐troposphere exchange of cirrus particles in the midlatitudes

Geophysical Research Letters (2015)

Stefan Müller Peter Hoor Florian Berkes Heiko Bozem Marcus Klingebiel

Abstract Airborne trace gas, microphysical, and radiation measurements were performed during the AIRcraft TOwed Sensor Shuttle ‐ Inhomogeneous Cirrus Experiment over northern Germany in 2013. Based on high‐precision nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and carbon monoxide (CO) in situ data, stratospheric air could be identified, which contained cirrus cloud particles. Consistent with the stratospheric N 2 O data, backward trajectories indicate that the sampled air masses crossed the dynamical tropopause in the last 3 h before the measurement. These air masses contained cirrus particles, which were formed during slow ascent in the troposphere and subsequently mixed with stratospheric air. From the CO‐N 2 O correlation the irreversibility of this transport is deduced. To our knowledge, this is the first in situ detection of cirrus particles mixed with stratospheric air in the midlatitudes.

Cirrus

Tropopause

Middle latitudes

Trace gas

10.1002/2014gl062556

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Citations (59)

Simulated mixing in the upper troposphere by small-scale turbulence

Chun Hang Chau Peter Hoor Holger Tost

Chemical composition in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) plays an important role on the climate by affecting the radiation budget. Small-scale diabatic mixing like turbulence has a significant impact on the distribution of tracers which further affects the energy budget. Current models usually only have a higher resolution near the surface and a coarser resolution in the free atmosphere, which is too coarse to resolve the occurrence of small-scale turbulence in UTLS. In this work, we present enhanced vertical resolution (200 m in the UTLS) simulations focusing on the Scandinavian region using the state-of-the-art online coupled global/regional atmospheric chemistry model system MECO(n) (MESSy-fied ECHAM and COSMO models nested n times). We evaluated the basic meteorology (temperature and specific humidity) of the enhanced vertical resolution simulations with radiosonde data from the University of Wyoming and airborne in-situ measurements over northern Scandinavia. Additionally, we evaluated the ability of small-scale mixing in MECO(n) by comparing the model turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) with the calculated Ellrod Index and the impact of vertical diffusion in the COSMO instances in MECO(n) by releasing artificial passive tracer in the troposphere and stratosphere respectively. The results show that the enhanced vertical resolution simulations perform normally on basic meteorology. The simulations also show that the COSMO instances are able to resolve turbulence in UTLS with reasonable strength and the vertical diffusion in UTLS has a significant percentage impact on the tracer distribution.

Diabatic

TRACER

10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2762

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A convolution of observational and model data to estimate age of air spectra in the northern hemispheric lower stratosphere

Marius Hauck Harald Bönisch Peter Hoor Timo Keber Felix Ploeger

Abstract. Derivation of mean age of air (AoA) and age spectra from atmospheric measurements remains a challenge and often requires data from atmospheric models. This study tries to minimize the direct influence of model data and presents an extension and application of a previously established inversion method to derive age spectra from mixing ratios of long- and short-lived trace gases. For a precise description of cross-tropopause transport processes, the inverse method is extended to incorporate air entrainment into the stratosphere across the tropical and extratropical tropopause. We first use simulations with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) to provide a general proof of concept of the extended principle in a controllable and consistent environment, where the method is applied to an idealized set of ten trace gases with predefined constant lifetimes and compared to reference model age spectra. In the second part of the study we apply the extended inverse method to atmospheric measurements of multiple long- and short-lived trace gases measured aboard the High Altitude and Long Range (HALO) research aircraft during the two research campaigns POLSTRACC/GW-LCYCLE/SALSA (PGS) and Wave-driven Isentropic Exchange (WISE). As some of the observed species undergo significant loss processes in the stratosphere, a Monte Carlo simulation is introduced to retrieve age spectra and chemical lifetimes in stepwise fashion and to account for the large uncertainties. Results show that in the idealized model scenario the inverse method retrieves age spectra robustly on annual and seasonal scale. The extension to multiple entry regions proves reasonable as our CLaMS simulations reveal that in the model between 50 % and 70 % of air in the lowermost stratosphere has entered through the extratropical tropopause (30°–90° N/S) on annual average. When applied to observational data of PGS and WISE the method derives age spectra and mean AoA with meaningful spatial distributions and quantitative range, yet large uncertainties. Results indicate that entrainment of fresh tropospheric air across both extratropical and tropical tropopause has peaked prior to both campaigns, but with lower mean AoA for WISE than PGS data. For a full assessment the ratio of moments for all retrieved age spectra is evaluated and found to range between 0.52 years and 2.81 years for PGS and WISE. It is concluded that the method derives reasonable and consistent age spectra using observations of chemically active trace gases. Our findings might contribute to an improved assessment of transport with age spectra in future studies.

Tropopause

Trace gas

Extratropical cyclone

Atmospheric models

10.5194/acp-2020-167

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High spatial and temporal resolution measurements of primary organics and their oxidation products over the tropical forests of Surinam

Atmospheric Environment (2000)

P. J. Crutzen Jonathan Williams Ulrich Pöschl Peter Hoor Hubertus Fischer

Isoprene

Methacrolein

Intertropical Convergence Zone

Mixing ratio

Atmospheric chemistry

10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00482-3

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Citations (127)

Tracer correlations in the northern high latitude lowermost stratosphere: Influence of cross‐tropopause mass exchange

Geophysical Research Letters (2000)

Hubertus Fischer Frank G. Wienhold Peter Hoor O. Bujok C. Schiller

We present an analysis of trace gas correlations in the lowermost stratosphere. In‐situ aircraft measurements of CO, N 2 O, NO y and O 3 , obtained during the STREAM 1997 winter campaign, have been used to investigate the role of cross‐tropopause mass exchange on tracer‐tracer relations. At altitudes several kilometers above the local tropopause, undisturbed stratospheric air was found with NO y /NO y * ratios close to unity, NO y /O 3 about 0.003–0.006 and CO mixing ratios as low as 20 ppbv (NO y * is a proxy for total reactive nitrogen derived from NO y –N 2 O relations measured in the stratosphere). Mixing of tropospheric air into the lowermost stratosphere has been identified by enhanced ratios of NO y /NO y * and NO y /O 3 , and from scatter plots of CO versus O 3 . The enhanced NO y /O 3 ratio in the lowermost stratospheric mixing zone points to a reduced efficiency of O 3 formation from aircraft NO x emissions.

Tropopause

TRACER

Mixing ratio

Trace gas

10.1029/1999gl010879

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Citations (173)

Impact of the Asian Summer Monsoon on the Lower Stratosphere: Results from TACTS/ESMVal 2012

The EGU General Assembly (2016)

Peter Hoor Müller Ellen Gute Hans Schlager H. Ziereis

East Asian Monsoon

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Quantifying transport into the lowermost stratosphere using simultaneous in-situ measurements of SF<sub>6</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>

Atmospheric chemistry and physics (2009)

Harald Bönisch Andreas Engel Joachim Curtius Thomas Birner Peter Hoor

Abstract. The seasonality of transport and mixing of air into the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) is studied using distributions of mean age of air and a mass balance approach, based on in-situ observations of SF6 and CO2 during the SPURT (Spurenstofftransport in der Tropopausenregion, trace gas transport in the tropopause region) aircraft campaigns. Combining the information of the mean age of air and the water vapour distributions we demonstrate that the tropospheric air transported into the LMS above the extratropical tropopause layer (ExTL) originates predominantly from the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). The concept of our mass balance is based on simultaneous measurements of the two passive tracers and the assumption that transport into the LMS can be described by age spectra which are superposition of two different modes. Based on this concept we conclude that the stratospheric influence on LMS composition is strongest in April with extreme values of the tropospheric fractions (α1) below 20% and that the strongest tropospheric signatures are found in October with α1 greater than 80%. Beyond the fractions, our mass balance concept allows us to calculate the associated transit times for transport of tropospheric air from the tropics into the LMS. The shortest transit times (<0.3 years) are derived for the summer, continuously increasing up to 0.8 years by the end of spring. These findings suggest that strong quasi-horizontal mixing across the weak subtropical jet from summer to mid of autumn and the considerably shorter residual transport time-scales within the lower branch of the Brewer-Dobson circulation in summer than in winter dominates the tropospheric influence in the LMS until the beginning of next year's summer.

Tropopause

Outflow

10.5194/acp-9-5905-2009

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Citations (142)

A quantitative analysis of stratospheric HCl, HNO₃, and O₃in the tropopause region near the subtropical jet

Geophysical Research Letters (2014)

Tina Jurkat Christiane Voigt Stefan Kaufmann Andreas Zahn M. Sprenger

The effects of chemical two-way mixing on the Extratropical Transition Layer (ExTL) near the subtropical jet are investigated by stratospheric tracer-tracer correlations. To this end, in situ measurements were performed west of Africa (25–32°N) during the Transport and Composition of the Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere (UTLS)/Earth System Model Validation (TACTS/ESMVal) mission in August/September 2012. The Atmospheric chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer sampling HCl and HNO3 was for the first time deployed on the new German High Altitude and Long range research aircraft (HALO). Measurements of O3, CO, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis, and the tight correlation of the unambiguous tracer HCl to O3 and HNO3 in the lower stratosphere were used to quantify the stratospheric content of these species in the ExTL. With increasing distance from the tropopause, the stratospheric content increased from 10% to 100% with differing profiles for HNO3 and O3. Tropospheric fractions of 20% HNO3 and 40% O3 were detected up to a distance of 30 K above the tropopause.

Tropopause

TRACER

Extratropical cyclone

Mixing ratio

10.1002/2013gl059159

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Citations (26)