Paleodose determination is essential for ESR dating,and the DE value is influenced by the mathematical functions used for dose response data points fitting.At present,single saturation exponential(SSE) fitting is commonly used for ESR dating.It is valid when the number of trap sites is constant,but when the increasing irradiation dose induces new traps,the dose response curve will not follow a unique SSE function.In this study,in addition to SSE,the double saturation exponential(DSE) and exponential plus linear(EPL) functions were used to fit the ESR data of eight tooth fossil samples from Longgupo early Pleistocene site in Wushan,Chongqing.The results show that the DE values calculated by SSE fitting function are systematically higher than DSE and EPL,and the residual sum of square of SSE is larger than the other two.Compared with known reference dose value,we found that DSE has the smallest relative deviation among the three functions,and the SSE has the largest deviation.The study indicates that the SSE function overestimates DE value of tooth fossil samples from old sites,while the DE value determined by DSE functions seems closer to the true value of paleodose.
The thermoluminescence pre-dose technique for dating ancient porcelain was developed in many laboratories. This technique was the only method which could directly determine the age of old porcelain. But the thermoluminescence high-temperature signal (over 200℃) had not been studied. We conducted a preliminary study of the characteristics of thermoluminescence high-temperature signal, such as the TL natural glow curve, and the glow curves after beta or alpha irradiation. Most of the 32 ancient porcelains had thermoluminescence high temperature signal, and only one peak in their TL glow curve was found.
Surface observations along the nearly N-S-trending Western Wenquan basin marginal fault in the interior of the Tanggula Mountains show that this fault underwent multi-stage activities during the late Quaternary. Along the fault we may recognize at least eight fault scarps or steep fault slopes whose heights are 0.33-0.62 m, 4.3-5.2 m, 6.8-8.3 m, 10-11.8 m, ～16 m, 20-28 m, 45-50 m and 65-80 m respectively, as well as river terraces, diluvial fans and spring sinter platforms that may largely correspond with these fault scarps. Analysis of the relative ages of geologic-geomorphologic bodies and U-series and ESR dating of calcareous coatings of pebbles and calcareous cements in spring sinters and stream sediments indicate that the fault scarps with heights of 45-50 m, 20-28 m, ～16 m, 10-11.8 m, 6.8-8.3 m and 4.3-5.2 m formed at ～127 ka BP, 54 ka BP, 25 ka BP, 18 ka BP, 11 ka BP and since 4 ka BP. The intensities of faulting were different in different periods. The average rates of vertical movements of the fault during ～127-25 ka BP, 25-4 ka BP and 4-1.1 ka BP were 0.3-0.23 mm/a, 0.8-0.36 mm/a and 1.65 mm/a respectively.
Dating the age of faulting is critical to the studies of active tectonics, paleoearthquake and neotectonics, but is sometimes difficult of access. At present, two methods are commonly used to date the age of the last faulting. The one is to date the direct products of faulting, such as fault gouge and colluvial wedge, while the other is to date the youngest sediment that was offset by faulting or the oldest sediment that was not affected by faulting. In the region from Tuoli to Yongdinghe River, western Beijing, three types of faulting can be identified along the Gaoliying fault. The first type is that the fault displaces the older loess layer, but is covered by the younger loess layer, such as the cases at Lujing and Xiaoyouying. The second type is observed at Xinkaikou, where the fault offsets the pre-Quaternary bedrocks, but does not affect the Quaternary covering layer (loess). The third type is identified at Xinzhuang village, where the fault dissects the pre-Quaternary bedrocks, resulting in fault gouge, but no Quaternary sediment covering the faults. According to the types of faulting and the characteristics of sediments, two dating methods were used to date the ages of faulting events on the Gaoliying fault in the region from Tuoli to Yongdinghe River, Beijing. Thermoluminescence dating method is suitable to dating eolian deposits, such as loess, and thus is used to date the loess samples affected by faulting or deposited after faulting. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) dating method is currently the most reliable method to date fault gouge, and thus is used to date the ages of fault gouges collected from Xinzhuang and Dayuanshang villages, respectively. Based on the ages of faulting, it is coucluded that at least 3 faulting events had occurred on the Gaoliying fault at 270～360ka B.P., 130～140ka B.P and 1.8～4.2ka B.P, respectively.
Thermoluminescence dating technique is only one dating method which can direclty determine the age of old porcelain baking(or the last high-temperature event). Stoneham of Oxford University has firstly used the thermoluminescence dating method with pre-dose technique for determining porcelain samples in 1983. After then,the thermoluminescence pre-dose technique for dating of old porcelain was developed in many laboratories.But the thermoluminescence high-temperature signal(over 250℃)was not be studied in most laboratories and thermoluminescence high-temperature signal dating of porcelain was not reported in literature till now. In order to improve overall level and reliability of thermoluminescenec dating of porcelain,a preliminary study of the characteristics of thermoluminescence high temperature peak and feasibility of dating of porcelain were conducted. The result is described in the paper. There is a thermoluminescence high temprature peak in porcelain,and the high temperature signal can be used to date porcelain.
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