Céline Chassot

University of Fribourg

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Jean‐Pierre Métraux

University of Fribourg

Christiane Nawrath

University of Lausanne

Sandra Borel

University of Lausanne

Anne-Claude Jacquat

University of Fribourg

J-P Métraux

University of Fribourg

Henk‐jan Schoonbeek

John Innes Centre

Antony Buchala

University of Fribourg

Chandan Nath

Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

Michael Bessire

University of Lausanne

Matt Humphry

British American Tobacco (United Kingdom)

Cooperative Institutions

University of Fribourg

University of Lausanne

University of Bonn

Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas

Carnegie Department of Plant Biology

Carnegie Institution for Science

University of Zurich

KU Leuven

Max Planck Society

University of Neuchâtel

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A permeable cuticle in Arabidopsis leads to a strong resistance to Botrytis cinerea

The EMBO Journal (2007)

Michael Bessire Céline Chassot Anne-Claude Jacquat Matt Humphry Sandra Borel

Cuticle (hair)

Botrytis

10.1038/sj.emboj.7601658

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Citations (277)

Cuticular defects or wounding lead to full immunity to a major plant pathogen

Céline Chassot

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Wounding of Arabidopsis leaves causes a powerful but transient protection against Botrytis infection

The Plant Journal (2008)

Céline Chassot Antony Buchala Henk‐jan Schoonbeek Jean‐Pierre Métraux Olivier Lamotte

Physical injury inflicted on living tissue makes it vulnerable to invasion by pathogens. Wounding of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, however, does not conform to this concept and leads to immunity to Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould. In wounded leaves, hyphal growth was strongly inhibited compared to unwounded controls. Wound-induced resistance was not associated with salicylic acid-, jasmonic acid- or ethylene-dependent defence responses. The phytoalexin camalexin was found to be involved in this defence response as camalexin-deficient mutants were not protected after wounding and the B. cinerea strains used here were sensitive to this compound. Wounding alone did not lead to camalexin production but primed its accumulation after inoculation with B. cinerea, further supporting the role of camalexin in wound-induced resistance. In parallel with increased camalexin production, genes involved in the biosynthesis of camalexin were induced faster in wounded and infected plants in comparison with unwounded and infected plants. Glutathione was also found to be required for resistance, as mutants deficient in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase showed susceptibility to B. cinerea after wounding, indicating that wild-type basal levels of glutathione are required for the wound-induced resistance. Furthermore, expression of the gene encoding glutathione-S-transferase 1 was primed by wounding in leaves inoculated with B. cinerea. In addition, the priming of MAP kinase activity was observed after inoculation of wounded leaves with B. cinerea compared to unwounded inoculated controls. Our results demonstrate how abiotic stress can induce immunity to virulent strains of B. cinerea, a process that involves camalexin and glutathione.

Phytoalexin

Jasmonic acid

10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03540.x

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The cuticle: not only a barrier for plant defence

Céline Chassot Chandan Nath Jean‐Pierre Métraux

The cuticle is a physical barrier that prevents water loss and protects against irradiation, xenobiotics and pathogens. This classic textbook statement has recently been revisited and several observations were made showing that this dogma falls short of being universally true. Both transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing cell wall-targeted fungal cutinase (so-called CUTE plants) or lipase as well as several A. thaliana mutants with altered cuticular structure remained free of symptoms after an inoculation with Botrytis cinerea. The alterations in cuticular structure lead to the release of fungitoxic substances and changes in gene expression that form a multifactorial defence response. Several models to explain this syndrome are discussed.

Cuticle (hair)

Plant cuticle

Cutinase

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Cuticular defects lead to full immunity to a major plant pathogen

The Plant Journal (2007)

Céline Chassot Christiane Nawrath Jean‐Pierre Métraux

In addition to its role as a barrier, the cuticle is also a source of signals perceived by invading fungi. Cuticular breakdown products have been shown previously to be potent inducers of cutinase or developmental processes in fungal pathogens. Here the question was addressed as to whether plants themselves can perceive modifications of the cuticle. This was studied using Arabidopsis thaliana plants with altered cuticular structure. The expression of a cell wall-targeted fungal cutinase in A. thaliana was found to provide total immunity to Botrytis cinerea. The response observed in such cutinase-expressing plants is independent of signal transduction pathways involving salicylic acid, ethylene or jasmonic acid. It is accompanied by the release of a fungitoxic activity and increased expression of members of the lipid transfer protein, peroxidase and protein inhibitor gene families that provide resistance when overexpressed in wild-type plants. The same experiments were made in the bodyguard (bdg) mutant of A. thaliana. This mutant exhibits cuticular defects and remained free of symptoms after inoculation with B. cinerea. The expression of resistance was accompanied by the release of a fungitoxic activity and increased expression of the same genes as observed in cutinase-expressing plants. Structural defects of the cuticle can thus be converted into an effective multi-factorial defence, and reveal a hitherto hidden aspect of the innate immune response of plants.

Cutinase

Cuticle (hair)

Jasmonic acid

Plant cuticle

Cutin

10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.03017.x

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Citations (236)

The cuticle as source of signals for plant defense

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology (2005)

Céline Chassot J-P Métraux

The cuticle is a physical barrier that prevents water loss and protects against irradiation, xenobiotics and pathogens. This article reviews some of the studies showing that the cuticle is also a source of signals used by invading fungi to activate pathogenic responses or by plants to induce defense mechanisms.

Cuticle (hair)

Xenobiotic

Plant cuticle

10.1080/11263500500056344

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Citations (35)

The cuticle

Plant Signaling & Behavior (2008)

Céline Chassot Christiane Nawrath Jean‐Pierre Métraux

Cuticle (hair)

Plant cuticle

Cutinase

10.4161/psb.3.2.5071

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Citations (33)