Swati Basu

Wake Forest University

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Daniel B. Kim–Shapiro

Wake Forest University

Mark T. Gladwin

University of Pittsburgh

Neil Hogg

Medical College of Wisconsin

E. N. Rajagopal

Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology

Jesús Tejero

University of Pittsburgh

S. Bruce King

Wake Forest University

Ivan Azarov

Sirius University of Science and Technology

Nadeem Wajih

Wake Forest University

Ashis K. Mitra

National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting

Elmira Alipour

Wake Forest University

Cooperative Institutions

Wake Forest University

113

University of Pittsburgh

National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting

Ministry of Earth Sciences

National Institutes of Health

Pennsylvania State University

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

National Heart Lung and Blood Institute

Government of India

Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist

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Low NO Concentration Dependence of Reductive Nitrosylation Reaction of Hemoglobin

Journal of Biological Chemistry (2012)

Jesús Tejero Swati Basu Christine C. Helms Neil Hogg S. Bruce King

Methemoglobin

Nitrosylation

10.1074/jbc.m111.298927

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Abstract 462: Effect of Adding Beet Root Juice to Exercise on Physical Performance and Cardiovascular Measures in Old Hypertensive Subjects

Hypertension (2014)

Hossam A. Shaltout Anthony P. Marsh Paul J. Laurienti Swati Basu Cassandra C Klebous

Hypertension and diminished blood flow to muscles and brain are common problems for the elderly that may lead to impaired cognition and physical performance and poor cardiovascular outcomes. Exercise improves blood pressure and brain blood flow. Thus, any intervention that can improve exercise effects in hypertensive individuals may have beneficial effects. High nitrate containing beetroot juice (BRJ) has been demonstrated to increase exercise tolerance and improve blood flow to working muscles. In this study we examined the effect of adding BRJ to an exercise regimen on exercise performance and cardiovascular measures in old subjects. Participant (n=26; mean age=65 yrs, range 57-77) with controlled hypertension (on 2 or more medications) were assigned to either exercise with BRJ+nitrate (BRJ+) (n=13, 6F) or BRJ-nitrate placebo drink (Placebo) (n=13, 7F). The exercise intervention was a 6-week treadmill walking program of self-paced. Participants walked 3 times per week for a maximum of 50 minutes per session. Participants also consumed 140 ml BRJ+ nitrate or BRJ-nitrate daily for 6 weeks. There were no differences between groups in mean VO 2 max at the beginning of study (placebo = 19.4 ± 0.5 ml O 2 /kg/min; BRJ = 19.4 ± 0.5 ml O 2 /kg/min) and change VO 2 max by the end of the intervention (increase of 1.15 ml O 2 /kg/min in placebo vs 0.9 ml O 2 /kg/min in BRJ+). There were no differences between groups in 24 hour ambulatory mean arterial pressure (MAP) or heart rate at the beginning of study. Heart rate and MAP showed similar reductions in both groups (4 beats/min for heart rate and 5 mm Hg for MAP). Similarly total arterial compliance was improved in both groups (placebo from 15.1 ± 3.7 ml/mm Hg to 18.3 ± 4.8, p = 0.02; BRJ+ from 18.3 ± 5.0 to 20.5 ± 3.9 ml/mm Hg; p = 0.04). There was no additional benefit of BRJ+ in the cardiovascular measures above that seen with exercise alone. In summary, in this cohort of controlled hypertensive elderly, addition of BRJ with nitrate to exercise has no additional benefits on physical performance or cardiovascular function. Further studies are warranted in different cohorts such as drug naïve or uncontrolled hypertensive to further characterize any possible benefits of BRJ. Support from WFU Translational Science Center

10.1161/hyp.64.suppl_1.462

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Cytochrome c-mediated formation of S-nitrosothiol in cells

Biochemical Journal (2011)

Katarzyna A. Broniowska Ágnes Keszler Swati Basu Daniel B. Kim–Shapiro Neil Hogg

S-nitrosothiols are products of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism that have been implicated in a plethora of signalling processes. However, mechanisms of S-nitrosothiol formation in biological systems are uncertain, and no efficient protein-mediated process has been identified. Recently, we observed that ferric cytochrome c can promote S-nitrosoglutathione formation from NO and glutathione by acting as an electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions. In the present study, we show that this mechanism is also robust under oxygenated conditions, that cytochrome c can promote protein S-nitrosation via a transnitrosation reaction and that cell lysate depleted of cytochrome c exhibits a lower capacity to synthesize S-nitrosothiols. Importantly, we also demonstrate that this mechanism is functional in living cells. Lower S-nitrosothiol synthesis activity, from donor and nitric oxide synthase-generated NO, was found in cytochrome c-deficient mouse embryonic cells as compared with wild-type controls. Taken together, these data point to cytochrome c as a biological mediator of protein S-nitrosation in cells. This is the most efficient and concerted mechanism of S-nitrosothiol formation reported so far.

Nitrosation

Hemeprotein

10.1042/bj20111294

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Citations (41)

Salinity Induced Changes in Leaf Expansion, Photosynthesis and K+ Accumulation in Sunflower

Springer eBooks (1990)

John M. Cheeseman Swati Basu

10.1007/978-94-009-0511-5_798

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Concerted Nitric Oxide Formation and Release from the Simultaneous Reactions of Nitrite with Deoxy- and Oxyhemoglobin

Journal of Biological Chemistry (2007)

Rozalina Grubina Zhi Huang Sruti Shiva Mahesh S. Joshi Ivan Azarov

10.1074/jbc.m700546200

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Why do Stable Boundary Layer Simulations over Land Sometimes “Crash”?

Swati Basu A.A.M. Holtslag

Over the past decades, numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models around the world have been utilizing several ad-hoc approaches (e.g., long-tail stability correction functions, friction velocity limiters) to avoid three interrelated modeling issues -- decoupling of boundary layer from underlying land-surface, run-away cooling, and crashing -- in the context of stably stratified flows. In order to explain these NWP and climate modeling issues, a few researchers performed idealized single column and large-eddy simulations. They documented that these idealized simulations crashed (without much warning) when substantial amounts of downward (negative) sensible heat flux are prescribed as lower surface boundary conditions. Since these crashing simulations were usually accompanied by substantial temperature drop, these simulations were identified as runaway cooling events. In this presentation, we demonstrate that the previously reported crashing events in idealized simulations are not related to the runaway cooling problem experienced by the atmospheric models. The crashing and runaway cooling events in these models occur when surface fluxes become negligibly small (very stable condition). In contrast, the root of the crashing problem in the idealized simulations can be traced back to the prescription of un-physically large downward (negative) sensible heat flux.

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A Sun-to-Earth Campaign Joining Observations from the Great Observatory with Worldwide Satellite and Ground-Based Resources to Investigate System Science Frontiers

AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts (2006)

J. U. Kozyra Kyoko Shibata R. J. Barnes Swati Basu José Martín Dávila

Earth observation satellite

Earth observation

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Economic impact of the agro meteorological advisory services of Ministry of Earth Sciences - A review

MAUSAM (2016)

Parvinder Maini Swati Basu

ESSO-MoES is making constant efforts to improve prediction of weather, climate and hazardous events for societal, economic and environmental benefits. For this it is making huge investments in terms of infrastructure growth, up-gradation of technical knowledge and human resource development. These new technical capabilities offer the promise of much improved forecasts and reliable service and this has been established through some of the recent skilful predictions of extreme events that occurred over the country. However, it is important to justify the spending through evaluating the economic benefits of the services. ESSO-MoES, regularly undertakes studies to carry out the impact assessment and benefits of the services it renders in economic terms. This paper is a review of the studies carried out in various phases, involving impact assessment and economic benefit of the Agromet Advisory service being rendered by ESSO-MoES. The studies indicate that over the years there is a definite increase in the economic benefits with improvement in the , outreach and worthiness of the service which is direct fallout of improved weather predictions as a result of the huge investments being made by Government of India.

Outreach

Christian ministry

10.54302/mausam.v67i1.1235

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Forecasting the heavy rainfall during Himalayan flooding—June 2013

Weather and Climate Extremes (2014)

Anumeha Dube Raghavendra Ashrit Amit Ashish Kuldeep Sharma Gopal Iyengar

On 17th June 2013 the state of Uttarakhand in India (Latitude 28.72°N to 31.45°N and Longitude 77.57°E–81.03°E) received more than 340 mm of rainfall, which is 375% more than the daily normal (65.9 mm) rainfall during monsoon. This caused heavy floods in Uttarakhand as well as unprecedented damage to life and property. In this study we aim at assessing the performance of two deterministic forecast models, Global Forecast System (GFS/T574) and Unified Model (NCUM), run at NCMRWF, in predicting the heavy rainfall observed over Uttarakhand region of India during 17–18th June, 2013. Verification of the synoptic features in forecasts of the two models suggests that NCUM accurately captures the circulation features as compared to T574. Further verification of this event is carried out based on the contiguous rain area (CRA) technique. CRA verification is used in computing the total mean square error (MSE) which is based on displacement, volume and pattern errors. This verification technique also, confirms the better skill of NCUM over T574 in terms of forecast peak rainfall amounts, volume and average rain rate, lower MSE and root mean square error (RMSE) as well as having higher hit rates and lower misses and false alarm rates for different rainfall thresholds from Day 1 to Day 5 forecasts.

Longitude

Rain rate

10.1016/j.wace.2014.03.004

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Citations (80)

A comparative analysis of the characteristics of the Marine Boundary Layer with GCM and 1-D PBL model simulations using INDOEX IFP-99 data

Swati Basu R. K. Paliwal A. N. V. Satyanarayana U. C. Mohanty V. N. Lykossov

Glass-sonde observations consisting of wind, temperature and relative humidity at different pressure levels that were obtained on board ORV Sagar Kanya cruise #141 (INDOEX IFP-99), during winter monsoon of 1999 were used for the present study. An attempt has been made to compare the simulation of the evolution of the Marine Boundary Layer as obtained from the one-dimensional PBL model of IIT Delhi, having TKE-e closure scheme with that obtained from the GCM of NCMRWF having first order closure scheme. Simulation of various boundary layer characteristics including surface and upper air has been studied. The model simulations are compared with the available observations. Both the models simulated the vertical profiles reasonably well compared with the observations. ANALYSIS of marine boundary layer structure and its interaction with sea surface are crucial and important in understanding the air–sea interaction processes, including genesis of lows and depressions. Bunker 1 had made a few marine boundary layer measurements. Pant 2 using the ISMEX data sets studied the vertical structure of the marine boundary layer in the West Indian Ocean. Holt and Raman 3 studied the mean and turbulence structure of the monsoon MBL over the Bay of Bengal during MONEX-79. It is important that the boundary layer stru cture be represented in a most realistic manner in the numerical models in order to obtain meaningful prediction of weather systems. INDOEX IFP-99 data provided an opportunity to evaluate the boundary layer structure as simulated by the operational global spectral model at National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) having first order closure scheme for the boundary layer along with those obtained by the one dimensional PBL model at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi with TKE-e closure scheme. In the present article the vertical profiles of zonal and meridional wind components, potential temperature, specific humidity, fluxes of sensible and latent heat, drag coefficients of momentum (CD) and heat (CT) over Indian ocean using both NCMRWF–GCM and one-dimensional PBL model have been attempted including intercomparison. The evolution of turbulent kinetic energy using one -dimensional PBL model is also presented. This study provided not only an insight to the impact of different schemes of the boundary layer but also provided information about u sage of a global and one-dimensional model in simulating certain features of the marine boundary layer.

BENGAL

Closure (psychology)

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