Amorphization and ultrafine-scale recrystallization within shear bands formed in shock-consolidated Pr2Fe14B∕α-Fe nanocomposite magnetic powder compacts have been observed using transmission electron microscopy. The shear bands span through multiple grain lengths and truncate preexisting ∼25nm hard and soft magnetic phase grains, resulting in further grain size refinement. The shear bands contain nanocrystallites (<10nm size) interdispersed in an amorphous matrix, which suggests the occurrence of shock-induced phase transition in localized regions of the shear bands, and provides insight into the process of deformation of nanocrystalline materials under coupled high-strain-rate and high-pressure conditions.
The structural and magnetic properties of the melt-spun Pr2Fe14B∕α-Fe nanocomposite powders consolidated via shock-wave compression and subjected to postshock thermal treatment were investigated. Shock compression results in grain refinement, which leads to a reduction of an effective anisotropy and therefore an increase in the ferromagnetic exchange length, resulting in an enhanced exchange coupling in fully consolidated bulk magnets. A small amount of amorphous phase formed during the shock compression were observed to crystallize into Pr2Fe14B upon annealing above 600°C. The heat treatment also results in the recovery of coercivity partially lost during the consolidation, which can be related directly to the dependence of the effective anisotropy on the grain size, as illustrated by the transmission electron microscopy observation of grain refinement in the shock-consolidated bulk samples. A uniform grain morphology is suggested as a means for further increasing the magnetic properties of bulk nanocomposites.
Endodontics is the dental specialty foremost concerned with diseases of the pulp and periradicular tissues. Clinicians often face patients with varying symptoms, must critically assess radiographic images in 2 and 3 dimensions, derive complex diagnoses and decision making, and deliver sophisticated treatment. Paired with low intra- and interobserver agreement for radiographic interpretation and variations in treatment outcome resulting from nonstandardized clinical techniques, there exists an unmet need for support in the form of artificial intelligence (AI), providing automated biomedical image analysis, decision support, and assistance during treatment. In the past decade, there has been a steady increase in AI studies in endodontics but limited clinical application. This review focuses on critically assessing the recent advancements in endodontic AI research for clinical applications, including the detection and diagnosis of endodontic pathologies such as periapical lesions, fractures and resorptions, as well as clinical treatment outcome predictions. It discusses the benefits of AI-assisted diagnosis, treatment planning and execution, and future directions including augmented reality and robotics. It critically reviews the limitations and challenges imposed by the nature of endodontic data sets, AI transparency and generalization, and potential ethical dilemmas. In the near future, AI will significantly affect the everyday endodontic workflow, education, and continuous learning.
Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to improving lung cancer patients' quality of life and survival rate.This study aimed to investigate the value of dynamic enhanced scanning examination by computed tomography (CT) in early lung cancer diagnosis.One hundred and twenty patients with isolated lung nodules were selected to analyze this diagnostic method, using pathological diagnostic results of cancer as the gold standard.Of the 120 patients with isolated pulmonary nodules, the diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examination in 96 patients with early lung cancer (adenocarcinoma of the lung) and 24 patients with benign lung lesions.The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CT dynamic enhancement scans for the diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer were 93.75%, 83.33%, 91.67%, 95.74%, and 76.92%, respectively.Early-stage lung cancer had significantly less blood volume and a noticeably shorter mean time to passage than benign lung lesions (p<0.01).Blood flow and surface permeability were higher in early-stage lung cancer than in benign lung lesions (p<0.05).The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for blood volume, blood flow, surface permeability, and mean time to passage for the diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer were 0.737, 0.724, 0.779, and 0.946, respectively.In conclusion, CT dynamic enhancement scan has good application value in diagnosing early lung cancer and is worth promoting in clinical practice. CT examination and diagnosis of early lung cancer143
Bimagnetic FePt∕MFe2O4(M=Fe,Co) core∕shell nanoparticles are synthesized via high-temperature solution phase coating of 3.5nm FePt core with MFe2O4 shell. The thickness of the shell is controlled from 0.5 to 3nm. An assembly of the core∕shell nanoparticles shows a smooth magnetization transition under an external field, indicating effective exchange coupling between the FePt core and the oxide shell. The coercivity of the FePt∕Fe3O4 particles depends on the volume ratio of the hard and soft phases, consistent with previous theoretical predictions. These bimagnetic core∕shell nanoparticles represent a class of nanostructured magnetic materials with their properties tunable by varying the chemical composition and thickness of the coating materials.
Abstract. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to improving lung cancer patients’ quality of life and survival rate. This study aimed to investigate the value of dynamic enhanced scanning examination by computed tomography (CT) in early lung cancer diagnosis. One hundred and twenty patients with isolated lung nodules were selected to analyze this diagnostic method, using pathological diagnostic results of cancer as the gold standard. Of the 120 pa-tients with isolated pulmonary nodules, the diagnosis was confirmed by patho-logical examination in 96 patients with early lung cancer (adenocarcinoma of the lung) and 24 patients with benign lung lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CT dynamic enhancement scans for the diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer were 93.75%, 83.33%, 91.67%, 95.74%, and 76.92%, respectively. Early-stage lung cancer had significantly less blood volume and a noticeably shorter mean time to passage than benign lung lesions (p<0.01). Blood flow and surface permeability were higher in early-stage lung cancer than in benign lung lesions (p<0.05). The ar-eas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for blood volume, blood flow, surface permeability, and mean time to passage for the diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer were 0.737, 0.724, 0.779, and 0.946, respectively. In conclusion, CT dynamic enhancement scan has good application value in diag-nosing early lung cancer and is worth promoting in clinical practice.
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