Cadmium (Cd) is a typical pollutant and carcinogen in environment. Exposure assessment of contaminants is an important component of occupational and environmental epidemiological studies. Early studies of Cd have focused on aquatic animals, chickens and rats. However, toxicological evaluation of Cd in pigs has not been reported. Therefore, twelve pigs were randomly divided into two groups (n = 6): the control group and the Cd group (Cd content: 15 ± 0.242 mg/kg feed) in this study, the experimental period was 30 d, and the toxic effects of Cd on the liver of weanling piglets were examined by antioxidant function, liver function, Cd content, histological examination and transcriptomics. The results showed that the changes of antioxidant function, liver function and Cd content were significant in the liver. Transcriptional profiling results showed that 399 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly up-regulated while 369 DEGs were remarkably down-regulated in Cd group, and which were concentrated in three ontologies: molecular function, cellular component and biological processes. Interestingly, significant changes in some genes of the cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP450) and solute carrier (SLC) families have been observed and were consistent with qRT-PCR results. In conclusion, Cd could cause liver injury in weanling piglets and change the transcriptomic characteristics of liver. CYP450 and SLC families play an indispensable role in Cd-mediated hepatotoxicity. Importantly, changes in mRNA levels of CYP2B22, CYP7A1, CYP8B1, SLC26A8, SLC11A1, SLC27A2 and SLC22A7 induced by Cd have been reported for the first time. Our findings will provide a new insight for better assessing the mechanism of Cd toxicity to the liver.
Intrahepatic cholestasis lacks effective therapeutic drugs. The gut microbiota-associated bile salt hydrolases (BSH) may be a potential therapeutic target. In this study, oral administration of gentamicin (GEN) decreased the serum and hepatic levels of total bile acid in 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE)-induced cholestatic male rats, significantly improved the serum levels of hepatic biomarkers and reversed the histopathological changes in the liver. In healthy male rats, the serum and hepatic levels of total bile acid were also decreased by GEN, the ratio of primary to secondary bile acids, and conjugated to unconjugated bile acids was significantly increased, and the urinary excretion of total bile acid was elevated. 16S rDNA sequencing of the ileal contents revealed that GEN treatment substantially reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides both of which expressed BSH. Consistently, BSH activity analysis by the generation of d5-chenodeoxycholic acid from d5-taurochenodeoxycholic acid in situ showed BSH was significantly inhibited in the ileal contents of rats treated with GEN. This finding led to an increased proportion of hydrophilic conjugated bile acids and facilitated the urinary excretion of total bile acids, thereby decreasing serum and hepatic total bile acids and reversing liver injury related to cholestasis. Our results provide important evidence that BSH can be a potential drug target for treating cholestasis.
Objective To investigate the clinical effects of Qingzhikangyi(a preparation having the function of lipid-lowering and pancreas-protecting) acupuncture point injection on type 2 diabetes mellitus,which was diagnosed on the first visit.Methods Ninety cases in the point injection group were injected with Qingzhikangyi solutions(compound Danshen,hydrochloric Ligustrazine,Banlangen,Chuanxinlian,Shuxuening and Mailuoning) in acupuncture points.Thirty cases in the control group did not have Qingzhikangyi acupuncture point injection.Patients in both groups were given Xuezhikang capsules,Yiganling tablets,vitamin E and metformin tablets.Results In the point injection groups,84 cases were cured,4 cases were effective and 2 cases ineffective.In the control group,5 cases were cured,6 cases were effective and 19 ineffective.For the former group,the cure rate was 93.3% and total effective rate 97.8%,which was obviously superior to those of the control group with the cure rate and total effective rate being 16.2% and 36.25% respectively.After 4 months of treatment for the 2 groups,significant differences could be seen in body mass indexes(BMI),white cell counts(WC),systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,glycosylated hemoglobin collection(HbAlc),HOMA-IR,visceral obesity,lipid,blood pressure,fatty liver in the point injection group,when comparisons were made between post-treatment and pre-treatment,and also when they were compared with those of the control group after treatment,all with statistical significance(P0.01).Significant differences could be seen in total cholesterol(TC) and trigeminal ganglion(TG),when comparisons were made between pre-treatment and post-treatment(P0.01).In the oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) for the point injection group,statistical significance could be noticed in blood glucose values at various time points,when comparisons were made between pre-treatment and post-treatment,and also when they were compared with those of the control group after treatment,all with statistical significance(P0.01).0-min insulin value in OGTT for the injection group decreased,when comparisons were made between post-treatment and pre-treatment,with statistical significance(P0.05).After 30-min treatment,significant increase in insulin values could be noted in the injection group,when comparisons were made between post-treatment and pre-treatment,and also when they were compared with those of the control group after treatment,all having statistical significance(P0.01).After 60-min and 120-min treatment,there was a decrease in insulin values for the injection group,when comparisons were made between post-treatment and pre-treatment,and also when they were compared with those of the control group after treatment,all with statistical significance(P0.01).Significant differences in ΔI30/ΔG30 and HOMAB could be noticed in the injection group,when comparisons were made between post-treatment and pre-treatment,and also when they were compared with those of the control group after treatment,all having statistical significance(P0.01).Significant differences could also be seen in MBCI for the injection group,when comparisons were made between post-treatment and pre-treatment(P0.05).Conclusion The therapeutic effects of Qingzhikangyi point injection on type 2 diabetes mellitus treated on first visit were obviously superior to those by simply using the drugs with the function of eliminating lipid and reducing blood glucose.
In recent years, more and more attention had been paid to the combination of proteins and flavonoids, and several flavonoids had been reported to improve the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of proteins. This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic treatment (450 W for 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min) on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and emulsifying properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) -hawthorn flavonoids (HF) non-covalent complexes. The results showed that the addition of HF to SPI and 20 min of ultrasound could reduce α-helix and random coil, increase β-sheet and β-turn, and enhance fluorescence quenching. In addition, it decreased the particle size, zeta potential, surface hydrophobicity, and turbidity to 88.43 or 95.27 nm, -28.80 mV, 1250.42, and 0.23, respectively. The protein solubility, free sulfhydryl group, antioxidant activity, emulsifying activity index, and emulsifying stability index all increased to 73.93%, 15.07 μmol/g, 71.00 or 41.91%, 9.81 m2/g, and 67.71%, respectively. Moreover, high-density small and low-flocculation droplets were formed. Therefore, the combined ultrasound treatment and addition of HF to SPI is a more effective method for protein modification compared to ultrasound treatment alone. It provides a theoretical basis for protein processing and application in the future.
To observe long-term functional recovery after contralateral C7 transfer.From August 1986 to July 2000, 224 patients with brachial plexus avulsion injuries were treated with contralateral C7 transfer in our department. Thirty-two patients were followed up for over 2 years for evaluation of the following items: 1 influence on healthy limb function; 2 sensory and motor recovery of the recipient nerves in the affected limb; and 3 coordination between the healthy and affected limbs.There was no impairment of healthy limb function. Functional recovery of the recipient area reached > or =M3 in 8 patients (8/10, 80%) after musculocutaneous nerve neurotization, > or =M3 in 4 patients (4/6, 66%) after radial nerve neurotization, > or = M3 in 7 patients (7/14, 50%) and > or = M3 in 12 patients (85.7%) after median nerve neurotization, and > or = M3 in 1 patients (1/2, 50%) after thoracodorsal nerve neurotization. Synchronic contraction of the affected limb with the healthy limb occurred within 2-3 years in 12 patients, within 5 years in 13 patients, and over 5 years in 7 patients.Contralateral C7 transfer is an ideal procedure for the treatment of brachial plexus root avulsion injury. Selection of the whole root or the posterior division as neurotizer and a staged operation are the major factors influencing treatment outcome.
Objective The clinical curative effect of intrathecal injection on peripheral facial paralysis caused by malignant hematologic diseases.Methods Twenty-four patients with peripheral facial paralysis caused by malignant hematologic diseases were given frequent intrathecal injection while being treated by general chemical therapy.Intrathecal injection drug concluded Ara-C500mg+MTX10mg+Dexamethasone 5 mg.Results 20 of 24 patients were complete healing,the other four obviously relieved.Conclusion The curative effect was obvious to the patients treated by general chemical therapy and frequent intrathecal injection.The emergence of facial paralysis prognosticated that the disease would relapse and have bad prognosis.
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