Background The COVID-19 pandemic has recently spread dramatically worldwide, raising considerable concerns and resulting in detrimental effects on the psychological health of people who are vulnerable to the disease. Therefore, assessment of depression in members of the general public and their psychological and behavioral responses is essential for the maintenance of health. Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and the associated factors among the general public during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted from February 11 to 16, 2020, in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. A self-administrated smartphone questionnaire based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and psychological and behavioral responses was distributed to the general public. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the associated factors of depression.aA cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted from February 11 to 16, 2020, in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. A self-administrated smartphone questionnaire based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and psychological and behavioral responses was distributed to the general public. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the associated factors of depression. Results The prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥10) among the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic was 182/1342 (13.6%). Regression analysis indicated that feeling stressed, feeling helpless, persistently being worried even with support, never feeling clean after disinfecting, scrubbing hands and items repeatedly, hoarding food, medicine, or daily supplies, and being distracted from work or study were positively associated with depression, while social support and being calm were negatively associated with depression. Conclusions The general public suffered from high levels of depression during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, COVID-19–related mood management and social support should be provided to attenuate depression in the general public.
Serious scale variation is a key challenge in pedestrian detection. Most works typically employ a feature pyramid network to detect objects at diverse scales. Such a method suffers from information loss during channel unification. Inadequate sampling of the backbone network also affects the power of pyramidal features. Moreover, an arbitrary RoI (region of interest) allocation scheme of these detectors incurs coarse RoI representation, which becomes worse under the dilemma of small pedestrian relative scale (PRS). In this paper, we propose a novel scale-sensitive feature reassembly network (SSNet) for pedestrian detection in road scenes. Specifically, a multi-parallel branch sampling module is devised with flexible receptive fields and an adjustable anchor stride to improve the sensitivity to pedestrians imaged at multiple scales. Meanwhile, a context enhancement fusion module is also proposed to alleviate information loss by injecting various spatial context information into the original features. For more accurate prediction, an adaptive reassembly strategy is designed to obtain recognizable RoI features in the proposal refinement stage. Extensive experiments are conducted on CityPersons and Caltech datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. The detection results show that our SSNet surpasses the baseline method significantly by integrating lightweight modules and achieves competitive performance with other methods without bells and whistles.
Considering the relationships between rail transit networks and groundwater aquifers in the city of Xi'an,the effects of rail transit network planning implementation on ground recharge,runoff and discharge were analyzed.The impacts of rail transit network construction on groundwater flow fields were simulated using Visual MODFLOW.The results show that influences occur in the unconfined aquifer and thus several enclosed square-formed areas are formed.It can reduce wetted area of the aquifer to some extent and lead to variations of ground water level in some areas.But whether in elevated areas or declined areas of water level,the groundwater level ranges from 0 to 1.25 m.
The paper is engaged in a field test of moisture migration in vadose zone under the heterogeneous condition in the Weihe(Shaanxi) flood-plain.The reason why we have chosen the topic is that the evolution of a river may exert serious consequential effects on the groundwater change,the water quality and even the ecological environment along the entire river reach.It is for such purposes,we have dug up some measuring pits as large as 7 m×1 m×2.8 m and taken them as our study profile.For the convenience of observation,we have installed a MP-917 Time Domain Reflectometry(TDR) and a mercury manometer to observe the potential pressure and the moisture content in correspondence with the different properties of lithology and depth respectively.And,then,we have done a five-day infiltration test by using our own-made Bauwer Ooze water meter.Though it is difficult to understand the infiltration mechanism for its complexity with the unsaturated zone being heterogeneous with compacted sandwich structure,the field test is comparatively simple about the moisture migration in vadose zone under heterogeneity.In addition,we have also tested the moisture migration regularity under the heterogeneous condition and the relationship between the infiltration speed and water head height by using the above said Ooze water meter.The results of our study show that,the distribution of moisture content is restricted by the lithology permeability in relation to the vadose zone medium and aeration zone structure.The vadose zone doesn't prove to be easy to get saturated due to the presence of aquitard blocked moisture migration.The infiltration speed,which extends with the thickness of the layer,may help to show its the relation with the height of the water head,because the water infiltrated as unsaturated flow above semipervious layer contributes to the formation of the upper sluggish water volume.And,therefore,in the process of evaluating the water resources formerly,it is not easy to judge exactly the recharge of the river water to the groundwater,for it is necessary to emphasize the role of semipervious layer as the head boundary or the rain type flowing boundary.Thus,it can be seen that the results of our field test can be taken as an exponential support for the problem of disconnection between the river and the groundwater,thus providing a scientific basis for the recoverable resource evaluation and sustainable maintenance of the ecological function of the river water and the surrounding groundwater sources.
To understand the hot/cold spots and the spatial-temporal clustering of hepatitis B in Gansu province during 2009-2014 by using spatial statistics, and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of hepatitis B.The spatial hot/cold spots and its trend, and the time frame and areas of its spatial-temporal clustering of hepatitis B in Gansu were analyzed by using the county specific incidence of hepatitis B from 2009 to 2014 and spatial statistical software GeoDa and SatScan.The incidences of hepatitis B from 2009 to 2014 in Gansu were spatial autocorrelated respectively. Local G scan statistics indicated that the number of hot spots was in decline in Hexi area, while the hot spots was in increase in Linxia Hui autonomous prefecture and Gannan Tibetan autonomous prefecture. There was no obvious pattern in cold spots. Temporal-spatial scan statistics showed that the areas with high hepatitis B incidence most likely clustered in Hexi area during 2009-2011, and the areas with low hepatitis B incidence most likely clustered in eastern Gansu during 2012-2014.The spatial and temporal clustering of hepatitis B was observed in Gansu from 2009 to 2014. The number of hot spots in Hexi area was in decline, while the numbers of hot spots in Linxia and Gannan were in increase, suggesting that the hepatitis B control and prevention in these areas should be strengthened.
In this paper, a faulted phase selection scheme for extracting MPE values of fault transient voltage signals and combining them with CS-SVM for high-voltage transmission lines is proposed. The results show that using MPE to quantify the transient voltage signal in high-voltage transmission lines can fully reflect the fault transient signal characteristics, can be accurately judged within a small time window, identifies faults with high accuracy, is not affected by the fault occurrence location, transition resistance size, and the initial angle state of fault occurrence, and can overcome the defect that the voltage signal has weak sensitivity at the strong power side of the system.
OBJECTIVE It discusses the impact on rats' behavior,immune cells and cortisol of high-intensity exercise and chronically psychological stress.METHOD Based on the animal model in exercise and psychological stress,it observed the rats' variety of behavior,total number of leucocytes and the cortisol level after high-intensity exercise and chronically psy- chological stress.RFSULTS The behaviors of rots in long-term and high-intensity exercise with chronically psychological stress groups were abnormal obviously.At once at psychological stress,the WBC count of chronically psychological stress group was higher than high-intensity exercise with psychological stress group and high-intensity exercise group(significant difference,P＜0.05).The cortisol content of chronically psychological stress group increased at once at psychological stress,and higher than the control group and high-intensity exercise group(significant difference,P＜0.05);in 24 h after psychological stress and exercise,the cortisol content of chronically psychological stress group was still higher than high-in- tensity exercise group obviously (P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS (1)The long-term and high-intensity exercise and chroni- cally psychological stress changed rats' behaviors significantly.(2) Chronically psychological stress exerted a great influence on change of the WBC quantity,indicating that psychological stress had an important influence on specific immune system in organism.(3) Chronically psychological stress caused abnormal development of the spleen.(4)The long-term and high-in- tensity exercise caused the cortisol level to rise,but the influence that psychological stress induced changes to the cortisol level was greater.Chronically psychological stress based on long-term and high-intensity exercise caused cortisol level to rise less significantly than single chronically psychological stress,which possible mechanism was that long-term and high-intensity exercise and chronically psychological stress generated a mutual impact on influence of cortisol.
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