The influence of oxidative and non-oxidative chlorination on the chemical and superconducting properties of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy is studied on samples with different initial O content. Owing to oxidative chlorination of O-deficient phases a significant increase of Tc is observed although insulating, hygroscopic halide phases are formed and indications for the incorporation of Cl into the structure are not found. Obviously, reactive O is formed during degradation of the 2223 phase on the solid-gas phase boundary. The released O partially occupies anion vacancies in the unreacted O-deficient material resulting in improved intragranular superconducting behaviour. The reaction pathways of the heterogeneous solid-gas reaction are discussed on the basis of the results of chemical analysis.
Summary form only given. Photothermal laser processing of ceramics and glass usually results in the appearance of microcracks and in the consequent severe devaluation of their mechanical properties. The former is due to extreme thermo-mechanical stress.This work presents a novel processing tool, which combines laser irradiation with a continuous roller furnace, with the aim of processing ceramics and glass products without thermo-mechanical damage. The Laser Furnace apparatus will be described, along with some of the most representative results obtained to date on ceramic tile and flat window glass processing. Microstructure and properties of the resulting laser treated products will be reviewed in order to evaluate this novel methodology. A recently patented [1] Laser Zone Melting (LZM) method has thus been employed to prepare several types of oxide coatings on different pure oxide or mixed complex oxide commercial substrates. This novel meltsolidification processing method allows synthesizing high melting solids with a simultaneous input from an external, auxiliary heat source. This is done by performing the synthesis procedure within the hot zone of a continuous roller kiln, where the laser beam is scanned over the surface of the pre-coated substrate in motion. Figure 1 illustrates the Laser Furnace apparatus used for such a purpose. It is composed of a continuous roller kiln (A), a CO2 Laser system (B) and a beam scanning unit (C). The LZM method has been applied successfully to prepare refractory Zirconia-type eutectics [2], high temperature superconductor oxide coatings on MgO substrates [3] and alkaline-earth titanate coatings on alumina substrates [4]. A particular example of the procedure will be also presented. Powdered rare-earth oxides, as well as mixtures of the latter with Al2O3 were used as starting materials. In-situ synthesis of the corresponding coatings was performed by irradiating the precursor, deposited onto an Al2O3 substrate, with a CO2 laser emitting at 10.6 μm. Microstructure (SEM) and phase composition (XRD) demonstrated in-situ formation of oxide eutectic systems within the coating. The interaction with the substrate resulted in stable, 200-500 μm thick, composite coatings, whose microstructure will be discussed in terms of Laser processing parameters and the nature of the oxide materials and substrate. Examples of commercial ceramic tiles and soda-lime glass products obtained by Laser Furnace processing will be also shown and discussed.
Commercial porcelain ceramic tiles have been irradiated with a laser to evaluate the thermal effects on their surface and in their tribological behavior. Different irradiation patterns were followed, varying the density of points where the laser was focused, from 25 to 150 dots per inch. Hardness and toughness were evaluated using Vickers indentations. Tribological behavior was studied using a ball-on-flat apparatus with alumina balls. An increase in the wear rate was observed in the higher irradiated samples, which can be correlated to a decrease in their toughness. A mechanism of severe wear by fracture propagation and material pullout is proposed to explain the experimental data and the observed corresponding microstucture.
Resumen del trabajo presentado a la: 3rd International Conference on Superconductivity and Magnetism celebrada en Estambul (Turquia) del 29 de abril al 4 de mayo de 2012.
We report the results of designed method of the recrystallization of Bi(2212,2223) and YBCO(123) HTSC ceramics, consisting of laser amorphization and short-time thermal annealing, which was used to enhance the structure and the transport properties of HTCS ceramics prepared by pressing. Cw CO2 laser ((lambda) equals 10.6 micrometers ) with the average power 100 W was used as a laser source. Short- duration melting of high-Tc superconducting ceramics by CO2 laser, in combination with a short heat treatment, produced a denser fine-grained structure (grain size 2 - 3 micrometers ). The resultant structure contributed to a considerable increase in the critical current of the superconductors: in 1 - 2 orders of magnitude depending on a type of the material at 77 K and 2 - 3 orders at 20 K. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of laser amorphization of HTSC ceramics in an almost single-phase state with its chemical composition close the composition of the initial unmelted compound and with an almost unchanged area of the fused zone. Heat treatment of this amorphized zone restored the chemical composition to its initial ratio and made it possible to form grains of different types.
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