Amadou Diagne

University of California, Los Angeles

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William M. Pardridge

University of California, Los Angeles

Ruth Dickover

University of California, Davis

Irvin S. Y. Chen

University of California, Los Angeles

Yvonne J. Bryson

University of California, Los Angeles

Jing Yang

Hangzhou Medical College

Ernestina H. Saxton

California State University, Fresno

Joseph D. Rosenblatt

University of Miami

Jerome A. Zack

University of California, Los Angeles

Ulrich Bickel

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

Lian S. Wei

Changchun Institute of Biological Products

Cooperative Institutions

Inserm

Capital Medical University

University of California, Los Angeles

Programme PAC-CI

Bordeaux Population Health

University of Cape Town

Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny

Université de Bordeaux

University Hospital Medical Center at Treichville

University of Bern

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Detection and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients in lower-income countries

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (2014)

Marie Ballif Venerandah Nhandu Robin Wood Jean Claude Dusingize E. J. Carter

Drug resistance threatens tuberculosis (TB) control, particularly among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons.To describe practices in the prevention and management of drug-resistant TB under antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs in lower-income countries.We used online questionnaires to collect program-level data on 47 ART programs in Southern Africa (n = 14), East Africa (n = 8), West Africa (n = 7), Central Africa (n = 5), Latin America (n = 7) and the Asia-Pacific (n = 6 programs) in 2012. Patient-level data were collected on 1002 adult TB patients seen at 40 of the participating ART programs.Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) was available in 36 (77%) ART programs, but was only used for 22% of all TB patients. Molecular DST was available in 33 (70%) programs and was used in 23% of all TB patients. Twenty ART programs (43%) provided directly observed therapy (DOT) during the entire course of treatment, 16 (34%) during the intensive phase only, and 11 (23%) did not follow DOT. Fourteen (30%) ART programs reported no access to second-line anti-tuberculosis regimens; 18 (38%) reported TB drug shortages.Capacity to diagnose and treat drug-resistant TB was limited across ART programs in lower-income countries. DOT was not always implemented and drug supplies were regularly interrupted, which may contribute to the global emergence of drug resistance.

Drug resistant tuberculosis

Directly Observed Therapy

Economic shortage

10.5588/ijtld.14.0106

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Citations (10)

HIV-1 tropism for mononuclear phagocytes can be determined by regions of gp120 outside the CD4-binding domain

Nature (1990)

William A. O’Brien Yoshio Koyanagi Ali Namazie Jiaqi Zhao Amadou Diagne

Tissue tropism

10.1038/348069a0

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Citations (590)

Trials of Goumarin Derivatives as Raticides at Dakar.

Bulletin Medical de l'Afrique-Occidentale Francaise (1952)

Amadou Diagne Laurence Michel P. Koite D. Veyret

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Cationized hyperimmune immunoglobulins: pharmacokinetics, toxicity evaluation and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-infected human-peripheral blood lymphocytes-severe combined immune deficiency mice.

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (1996)

William M. Pardridge Young Sun Kang Amadou Diagne Jerome A. Zack

The in vivo pharmacokinetics and efficacy of cationized human immunoglobulins in the human-peripheral blood lymphocytes-severe combined immune deficiency mouse model were evaluated in the present studies using the severe combined immunodeficient mouse transplanted with human lymphocytes and infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. Immunoglobulins from noninfected humans and from HIV-infected individuals were cationized. The pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the cationized immunoglobulins have a markedly reduced mean residence time and a marked increase in organ uptake compared to the native immunoglobulins. The toxicity studies performed with homologous immunoglobulins in BALB/c mice demonstrated cationized homologous immunoglobulins have no tissue toxicity at a daily dose of 7.5 mg/kg. Treatment of HIV-infected severe combined immune deficiency mice that were transplanted with human lymphocytes demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for a 2-week treatment at a dose of 5 mg/kg cationized HIV immune globulin. In conclusion, cationized immunoglobulins are potential antibody-based therapeutics for the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome; cationized antibodies undergo enhanced transport into lymphocytes and when homologous cationized immunoglobulins are administered there is no measurable tissue toxicity.

10.1016/s0022-3565(25)12257-x

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Citations (17)

Treatment Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Lymphocytes With Cationized Human Immunoglobulins

The Journal of Infectious Diseases (1994)

William M. Pardridge Jebecka Hudak Jing Yang Amadou Diagne

Hyperimmune immunoglobulins from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons may inhibit intracellular viral replication if the HIV immunoglobulins (HIVIG) are delivered to intracellular spaces where the virus replicates. This study examines the hypothesis that cationized forms of HIVIG undergo enhanced absorptive-mediated endocytosis into cells and inhibit HIV replication. HIVIG and nonimmune human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were cationized with hexamethylenediamine to an isoelectric point (pI) >9.5. Cationization markedly increased the binding and endocytosis ofHIVIG and IVIG by human peripheral blood lymphocytes (POL). Cationized HIVIG and IVIG (250 Ilg/mL) resulted in a 90% inhibition in p24 released to the medium in HIV-I-infected human POL. The study demonstrates that cationization of human immunoglobulin preparations, such as HIVIG and IVIG, markedly increases the endocytosis of immunoglobulin and the inhibition of HIV-I replication in human POL.

10.1093/infdis/170.3.563

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Enhanced Endocytosis and Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Activity of Anti-rev Antibodies after Cationization

The Journal of Infectious Diseases (1994)

William M. Pardridge Ulrich Bickel J Buciak Jinhua Yang Amadou Diagne

Transmembrane transport and endocytosis of antibodies is facilitated by cationization, when the isoelectric point of the antibody is raised to the cationic range. The present studies describe the preparation of affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies directed against a 16-amino acid synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 35-50 of the 116-amino acid rev protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The concentration of cationized anti-rev35-50 antibody that results in 50% binding to the rev epitope, based on results with an immunoradiometric assay, also results in a statistically significant 37% inhibition of HIV-1 replication in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The cationized antibodies caused no measurable toxicity to the cells, on the basis of [3H]thymidine incorporation. These studies demonstrate that cationization results in enhanced endocytosis of the antibody and enhanced inhibition of HIV-1 replication, consistent with intracellular immunization of the rev protein.

Polyclonal antibodies

10.1093/infdis/169.1.55

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Citations (25)

Regulation of HIV-1 infection in astrocytes: Expression of Nef, TNF-α and IL-6 is enhanced in coculture of astrocytes with macrophages

Journal of NeuroVirology (1996)

Milan Fiala Roy H. Rhodes Paul Shapshak I. Nagano Otoniel Martı́nez-Maza

Neuroimmunology

10.3109/13550289609146878

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Citations (49)

Rapid Increases In Load Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Correlate With Early Disease Progression and Loss of CD4 Cells in Vertically Infected Infants

The Journal of Infectious Diseases (1994)

Ruth Dickover M. Dillon SHEILA G. GILLETTE Audra Deveikis Michael A. Keller

The relationship between viral burden, timing of transmission, and clinical progression was investigated in 110 children at risk for vertical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, coculture, and immune complex-dissociated p24 antigen assay. In a cross-sectional study, the mean HIV DNA copy number in 19 symptomatic children was significantly higher than in 31 infected, asymptomatic children (420 ± 125 vs. 87 ± 78; P < .0001). In a second group of 8 vertically infected infants followed prospectively from birth, 4 defined as infected in utero showed a more rapid increase in virus load, an accelerated loss of CD4 cells, and early progression to symptomatic disease (3–12 weeks) compared with 4 children with late in utero or intrapartum transmission (10–31 months). These data suggest that a direct relationship exists between HIV replication, the timing of transmission, and onset and progression of HIV disease in vertically infected children.

10.1093/infdis/170.5.1279

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Citations (118)

Clearance of HIV Infection in a Perinatally Infected Infant

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey (1995)

Yvonne J. Bryson Shen Pang Lian S. Wei Ruth Dickover Amadou Diagne

Bryson, Yvonne J.; Pang, Shen; Wei, Lian S.; Dickover, Ruth; Diagne, Amadou; Chen, Irvin S. Y. Author Information

10.1097/00006254-199510000-00010

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Citations (1)

Clearance of HIV Infection in a Perinatally Infected Infant

New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Yvonne J. Bryson Shen Pang Lian S. Wei Ruth Dickover Amadou Diagne

We describe a child who was identified shortly after birth as infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but whose infection appears to have completely cleared. Asymptomatic HIV-1 infection was diagnosed in the mother during the fourth month of pregnancy. The infant was delivered vaginally at 36 weeks, received no blood products, and was not breast-fed.HIV-1 was detected by culture of the infant's peripheral-blood mononuclear cells at 19 and 51 days of age. Plasma from the infant was also culture-positive for HIV-1 at 51 days of age by DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nucleotide-sequence analysis of HIV-1 DNA showed extremely close homology of the cultures obtained 32 days apart, and forensic markers of genetic identity for the two cultures were identical. Hence, inadvertent viral contamination or error in the collection of specimens was highly unlikely. At 12 months of age the infant was seronegative for HIV-1, and numerous subsequent cultures and tests by PCR have also been negative for HIV-1. The child is five years of age at this writing, is HIV-seronegative, and remains well, with normal growth and development and no laboratory or clinical evidence of HIV-1 infection.The infant we describe was infected perinatally with HIV-1, but the infection subsequently cleared and the infant remained without detectable HIV-1 infection five years later.

Clearance

10.1056/nejm199503303321301

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Citations (184)