Rotator cuff repair is usually performed by reattaching the torn tendon edge to the anatomical insertion site. It is clinically important to know how shoulder muscle force production changes when the reattachment site of the supraspinatus, which is involved in almost all rotator cuff tears, is shifted medially to the original insertion site. The aim of our study was to estimate shoulder muscle-force production varying with the supraspinatus muscle fiber insertion site utilizing a MR/CT image-based musculoskeletal model. To reproduce the arm abduction in the scapular plane, the shoulder and the elbow of a healthy volunteer were scanned by CT and an open-MR system (the neutral position with CT and five positions of arm abduction in the scapular plane with an open-MR system). Eight shoulder muscles were represented plural straight lines on the surface of 3D anatomic model. Subsequently, three patterns of the supraspinatus insertion sites were determined as follows: anatomical (AI) insertion site, 5mm and 10mm medially-shifted insertion sites (5MS, 10MS). Finally each shoulder muscle-force production of every muscle line was estimated to minimize the summation of each unit muscle force production using an optimization algorithm. Supraspinatus muscle-force productions in 5MS and 10MS decreased (range: 2.2 to 71.7%) during arm abduction in comparison with that in AI. Moreover, mostly muscle force productions of the infraspinatus, subscapularis, and deltoid anterior portion increased during arm abduction. Additionally, the muscle-force production patterns of the deltoid middle portion were associated with the muscle-force production patterns of the supraspinatus. Our findings described that the compensatory action and the deltoid middle portion-supraspinatus force couple were performed to be varied with the supraspinatus muscle fiber insertion site. Any deviation of <;5 mm form the anatomical insertion site possible improve clinical outcomes after rotator cuff repair.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
We developed a method using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the psychological factors of family caregivers of patients with dementia. Further, the family caregivers were questioned on their policy pertaining to the living place of the patients: at their home, nursing home, or hospital. We made inquiries of sixty-two families, resulting in twenty-eight desiring care at home, twenty desiring a nursing home, and fourteen desiring care at a hospital. The more the quality of life was valued, the more the family preferred care at home (r = 0.42). In contrast, the higher the concern regarding the burden of care was, the more the family preferred hospitalization (r = 0.49). This approach was useful in formulating decisions regarding a care policy for older people. Assessment of the psychological factors of family caregivers may provide clues for solving problems in decisions regarding care policy.
In the graying society, it is important to monitor health-related biosignal with sensors in the living environment for the sake of emergency response and long-term health management. In order to use biosignal data monitoring systems daily at home, noninvasive monitoring and system maintenance are crucial. We propose a method of estimating the sleep stages of sleeping subjects through noninvasive measurement of heartbeat and respiration using a pneumatic method and an air mattress. However, the method incurs maintenance for periodically refilling the air of the mattress. In this paper, another pneumatic method, which uses an air tube made of the silicon rubber instead of the air mattress, is proposed. The change in S/N ratio in heartbeat and respiration signals, under greater background noise, are compared for the following: in a room with wooden flooring; in a room with tatami mats; in a bathtub; and in a lavatory. The results show that both the heartbeat and respiration can be measured with the S/N ratio of around 30 dB, and the signal of each heartbeat can also be confirmed provided the maximum background noise in the room with wooden flooring, in the room with tatami mats, in the bathtub, and in the lavatory are 0.1 m/s 2 ,0.9 m/s 2 , 100 mI/s, and 0.1 m/s 2 , respectively.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
The modified repetitive control system is a type of servomechanism for the periodic reference input. That is, the modi¯ed repetitive control system follows the periodic reference input with small steady state error, even if a periodic disturbance or uncertainty exists in the plant. Using previously proposed modified repetitive controllers, even if the plants does not includes time-delay, the transfer function from the periodic reference input to the output and that from the disturbance to the output have an infinite number of poles. When the transfer function from the periodic reference input to the output and that from the disturbance to the output have an infinite number of poles, it is dificult to specify the input output characteristic and the disturbance attenuation characteristic. From the practical point of view, it is desirable that the input-output characteristic and the disturbance attenuation characteristic are easily specified. In order to specify the input-output characteristic and the disturbance attenuation characteristic easily, the transfer function from the periodic reference input to the output and that from the disturbance to the output are desirable to have a finite number of poles. Yamada et al. proposed the concept of simple repetitive control systems such that the controller works as a modified repetitive controller and the transfer function from the periodic reference input to the output and that from the disturbance to the output have a finite number of poles. In addition, Yamada et al. clarified the parametrization of all stabilizing simple repetitive controllers. However the method by Yamada et al. cannot be applied for time-delay plants. The purpose of this paper is to propose the parametrization of all stabilizing simple repetitive controllers for time-delay plants.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
List of DRA (http://trace.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/dra/index_e.html) accession numbers of the FANTOM5 samples, sequences and genomic coordinations. Files are in tab-delimited format, which includes * Library ID * FFID * BioSamples accession number * DRA experiment accession number * DRA run accession numbers * DRA analysis accession number for genomic coordination (BAM file) * DRA analysis accession number for CTSS (BED file) * Experiment method (CAGE/RNA-Seq/sRNA-Seq)
In this paper, a millimeter wave (mmWave) transmission technology applying a waffle-iron ridge guide (WRG) technology is described. A circuit layer is molded on an aluminum plate and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plate using precision machine cutting technology. The ABS resin layer would be copper plated to get conductivity. Insertion loss (IL) in the 79 GHz band is approximately 0.4 to 0.6 dB (/30mm), the performance of the copper plated product is better. The skin effect (in consideration of surface roughness) is also mentioned using 3D EM simulator. The simulation results and the measurement results are in good agreement.
