Two clones that contain goat growth hormone (gGH) genes were isolated from goat genomic library using goat growth hormone cDNA as a probe. One clone CgGH contained gGHl gene, and another clone, EgGH, contained gGH2 and gGH3 genes. The clone EgGH contained 491 bp inserted sequence, just upstream of the gGH3 gene, which was not present in the clone CgGH. From the sequencing data of the flanking regions of these gGH genes, short interspersed repetitive sequences (SINES) were found. Four SINES's existed in the CgGH clone and eight SINES's existed in the EgGH clone. The number of the repetitive DNA sequences in the goat genome was estimated about 102 copies from the analysis of the reassociation rate. As the number of gGH genes (gGHl, gGH2, and gGH3) per genome was different among individual goats, DNA fragments containing gGHl gene, and that containing gGH2 and gGH3 genes, were estimated to be allelic on the goat chromosome.
Effect of Oxidized Polyamines on the Infectivity of φX174 DNA Get access Keiichiro Nishimura, Keiichiro Nishimura Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tohru Komano, Tohru Komano Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideaki Yamada, Hideaki Yamada Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroshi Fukami Hiroshi Fukami Pesticide Research Institute, Kyoto University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 35, Issue 6, 1 June 1971, Pages 843–847, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1971.10860000 Published: 01 June 1971 Article history Received: 26 October 1970 Published: 01 June 1971
Effect of juvenile hormone activity of juvenile hormone I and several juvenile hormone mimics (JHM) were investigated on cell growth and macromolecular synthesis of an established insect cell line derived from mosquito (Culex molestus) ovary. The ceil growth in medium with 10−4 m methoprene (ZR-515) or 10−4 m farnesol was perfectly inhibited. The cell shape changed into slender or fibloblast like shape. These compounds inhibited also DNA, RNA and protein syntheses. RNA synthesis was most effectively inhibited than others. Methoprene is a stronger inhibitor of RNA and protein syntheses than puromycin or actinomycin D. The cells incubated in medium with methoprene for one day recovered the cell growth 2 weeks after the methoprene treatment and then the cell shape also recovered. RNA synthesis inhibited by methoprene was also recovered 90 min after the methoprene treatment. DNA, RNA and protein syntheses in the cells treated with juvenile hormone were immediately inhibited but the inhibition was reversible.
OPC-19A, 9-fluoro- 5-methyl-8-(4-methyl-l-piperazinyl)-6, 7 -dihydro-l-oxo-IH,5H-benzo[ ij]quinolizine- 2-carboxylic acid, and OPC-19B, 9-fluoro-5-methyl-8-(1-piperazinyl)-6,7-dihydro-loxo- IH,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid, are new synthetic naldixic acid-related antibiotics which belong to the group of quinolizine antibacterial agents. They inhibited the supercoiling of DNA catalyzed by Escherichia coli DNA gyrase. Introduction of transient doublestrand breaks into DNA by DNA gyrase was also observed in the presence of these antibiotics as well as oxolinic acid. The activities of subunit A of DNA gyrasepurified from an OPC-19A resistant strain were insensitive to nalidixic acid as well as OPC-19A and OPC-19B, but sensitive to novobiocin which is known to inhibit the activity of subunit B of DNA gyrase. The targer molecule for OPC-19A and OPC-19B is, therefore, considered to be subunit A of DNA gyrase.
Oxidized spermine and oxidized spermidine inhibited markedly the infectivity of the 6 m-urea treated φX174 particle, whereas they did not inactivate the infectivity of the untreated phage particle. They also markedly inhibited the infectivity of φX174 DNA, while φX174 RF I DNA was less sensitive to these reagents. These facts suggested that oxidized polyamines could react with phage DNA. The possible reasons of the insensitivity of phage φX174 particle and less sensitivity of φX174 RF I DNA to these reagents were discussed.
Hydroxyurea in an appropriate concentration inhibited DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli HF4701 (HCR-) and C (HCR+) without preventing the synthesis of protein and RNA. The drug also inhibited the formation of mature infectious particles of bacteriophage øX174 in E. coli HF4701 without preventing the synthesis of viral protein. The DNA synthesis and the phage formation were recovered upon removal of hydroxyurea.
Understanding of the interactions between P‐glycoprotein and multidrug resistance (MDR) reversing agents is important in designing more effective MDR modulators. We examined transcellular transport of several MDR modulators by using a drug‐sensitive epithelial cell line, LLC‐PK 1 and its transformant cell line, LLC‐GA5‐COL300, which expresses human P‐glycoprotein on the apical surface. Basal‐to‐apical transports of azidopine and diltiazem across the LLC‐GA5‐COL300 monolayer were increased and apical‐to‐basal transports were decreased compared to those across the LLC‐PK 1 monolayer, indicating that P‐glycoprotein transports azidopine and diltiazem. Movements of nitrendipine and staurosporine across the epithelial monolayer were not affected by P‐glycoprotein. These results suggests that some MDR modulators exert their inhibitory effect not only by blocking the initial binding of anticancer drugs but throughout the course of the transport process.
The low-density lipoproteins in pig serum were separated into two subclasses (LDL1 and LDL2) by 2 to 7% pore size gradient gel electrophoresis. Preparative gel electrophoresis in 2 to 4% gradient gel made it possible to isolate these components as distinct entities. After delipidation by chromatography on Sepharose 4B in the presence of SDS, both apo-LDL1 and apo-LDL2 were found to have a molecular weight of 2.6X10(5). However, when these apoproteins were incubated in 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate, fragmentation occurred and the minimum fragment molecular weight was estimated to be 2.4X10(4). No essential difference was found in the amino acid compositions or fragmentation patterns of the apoproteins. However, the amounts of carbohydrates in the two apoproteins were different (7.09% in apo-LDL1 and 5.08% in apo-LDL2). The carbohydrate composition was 0.8% sialic acid, 2.38% N-acetyl-glucosamine, and 4.01% neutral sugars in apo-LDL1 and 0.5, 1.75, and 2.83% in apo-LDL2, respectively. In both apoproteins, mannose, galactose, and fucose were present in almost the same molar ratio of 4-5 : 2-3 : 1.
ϕX174 DNA synthesis as well as phage production was inhibited by rifampicin when added in early phase of infection. Rifampicin did not inhibit the formation of parental duplex replicative-form, RF, and it inhibited the synthesis of progeny RF under conditions where protein synthesis was not necessary to be synthesized continuously. In addition, replication of parental RF into progeny RF was inhibited by rifampicin under conditions where a high concentration of chloramphenicol did not affect the replication. Consequently, it could be concluded that RNA synthesis other than that required for protein synthesis was necessary for both the initiation and continuation of RF replication.
