Susan B. Stearns

Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation

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i-10 index

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Glucagon and Insulin Relationships in Genetically Diabetic (db/db) and in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

Hormone and Metabolic Research (1978)

Susan B. Stearns Camillo A. Benzo

An inappropriate molar ratio of circulating insulin to glucagon is frequently associated with the metabolic alterations accompanying diabetes mellitus. Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) levels were determined and the IRG:IRI ratio calculated at various intervals in overt diabetes in genetically diabetic (db/db) and in streptozotocin-treated mice. Plasma IRI levels in genetic mutants are elevated at nine weeks of age, but are comparable to values found in lean littermates by 21 weeks. The presence of a prevailing hyperglucagonemia is established for the first time in the intact db/db mice. Streptozotocin diabetics are found to have characteristically low plasma IRI and high plasma IRG values. The hormonal imbalance present in these two experimental animal models is accentuated when the data are expressed as the IRG:IRI ratio, which is seen to increase with the progression of diabetes.

Hyperglucagonemia

10.1055/s-0028-1093473

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Citations (44)

Uvular Malformation in the Presence of Deformational Plagiocephaly

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery (2015)

Kaete A. Archer Eileen M. Marrinan Susan B. Stearns Sherard A. Tatum

Background: Deformational plagiocephaly is cranial asymmetry caused by external forces on the skull. Deformational plagiocephaly is seen in 5% to 48% of healthy newborns. Incomplete uvular fusion, in contrast, is one of many uvular malformations. The incidence of all degrees of incomplete uvular fusion is approximately 1% in healthy children. Bifid uvula is a malformation that is often considered a microform cleft palate or a marker for submucous cleft palate. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with deformational plagiocephaly seen at the Upstate Cleft and Craniofacial Center between January 1, 2006, and September 30, 2011. Patients were identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code for plagiocephaly. Seventy-nine patients were excluded with craniosynostosis and syndromic diagnoses. One hundred forty-six patients with deformational plagiocephaly were included in the study. Data were collected for sex, age at presentation, parity, multiple births, delivery, oligohydramnios, cephalohematoma, uterine abnormalities, fetal position, and intrauterine growth restriction. Clinical findings were collected including location of cranial flattening and uvular malformations. Results: Twenty-four of 146 patients with deformational plagiocephaly had incomplete fusion of the uvula ranging from complete bifid uvula to a notched uvular tip (16.4%). This association was statistically significant (odds ratio, 18; 95% confidence interval, 11.1–28.9). Most patients (62.3%) were male. We recorded primiparity (44.5%), multiple births (17.1%), vacuum-assisted delivery (6.2%), cesarean section (36.3%), oligohydramnios (4.1%), uterine abnormalities (2.1%), abnormal fetal position (3.4%), and intrauterine growth restriction (1.4%). Ten of the 24 patients with plagiocephaly and uvular malformation were seen for an initial consultation only in our chart system. Of the remaining 14 patients with follow-up, none had recorded signs or symptoms of velopharyngeal insufficiency. Conclusions: The incidence of incomplete uvular fusion in infants with deformational plagiocephaly is 16.4%, which is significantly higher than the approximate 1% incidence reported in the general population. This is the first report of uvular malformation in the presence of deformational plagiocephaly.

Plagiocephaly

Brachycephaly

10.1097/scs.0000000000001572

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Citations (2)

Functional differentiation of the chick endocrine pancreas. II. The alpha cells and glucagon

American Journal of Anatomy (1976)

Camillo A. Benzo Susan B. Stearns

Abstract A radioimmunoassay for glucagon, together with electron microscopic observations of early embryonic alpha cells were utilized to examine developmental aspects of glucagon accumulation and release in the chick embryo. Immunoreactive glucagon was detected in both the pancreas and blood plasma from the fifth embryonic day onwards. In addition, emiocytotic events were observed in alpha cells as early as the fifth embryonic day. The early appearance of glucagon and its subsequent developmental profile correlate well with major events in carbohydrate metabolism occurring in the embryonic chick, and are discussed in relation to a functionally responding system, the developing liver. The present data show that glucagon is secreted at earlier embryonic stages than hitherto demonstrated, and suggest a developmental role for glucagon in hepatic glycogen metabolism.

Alpha cell

Enteroendocrine cell

Alpha (finance)

10.1002/aja.1001470303

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Citations (5)

Carnitine content of skeletal and cardiac muscle from genetically diabetic () and control mice

Biochemical Medicine (1983)

Susan B. Stearns

Diaphragm (acoustics)

Cardiac muscle

10.1016/0006-2944(83)90054-6

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Citations (10)

Rh-D antibody titer in amniotic fluids

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (1969)

M. Usategui-Gomez Susan B. Stearns H. W. Toolan

Antibody titer

10.1016/0002-9378(69)90297-x

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Citations (10)

The effect of a high fat diet on the carnitine content of skeletal and cardiac muscle from streptozotocin-diabetic and control rats

Nutrition Research (1983)

Susan B. Stearns

Cardiac muscle

10.1016/s0271-5317(83)80040-2

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Citations (0)

Effects of gold thioglucose treatment on enzymes of glycogen metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle in mice

Biochemical Medicine (1981)

Camillo A. Benzo Susan B. Stearns

Glycogen debranching enzyme

Glycogenesis

Glycogen branching enzyme

10.1016/0006-2944(81)90015-6

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Citations (2)

Studies on the utilization and mobilization of lipid in skeletal muscles from streptozotocin-diabetic and control rats.

Journal of Lipid Research (1979)

Susan B. Stearns H M Tepperman James M. Tepperman

Several aspects of lipid metabolism in the soleus and diaphragm muscles of streptozotocin-diabetic and control rats were investigated.The triglyceride content of both muscles was elevated in the diabetic state and the presence of increased intracellular lipid was confirmed by electron microscopy.In vitro glucose and palmitate oxidation studies showed that both types of muscle from the diabetic animals metabolized more fat than did the soleus and diaphragm from control rats.While isoproterenol alone produced a significant lipolytic response in both the soleus and diaphragm from control and diabetic animals, there was no difference in the percent increase in fatty acids released from muscles of diabetic rats compared to controls.However, the absolute difference was greater when the diaphragms were compared.Muscles from experimental and control animals showed a marked reduction in the amount of free fatty acids released in response to insulin.In addition, in the presence of the hormone, both the absolute and percent isoproterenol-stimulated increases in fatty acids were significantly greater for both diaphragm and soleus muscles from diabetic rats.The effects of insulin, isoproterenol, and the combination of these two hormones on the amount of glycerol released into the incubation medium were similar to those found on free fatty acid release.T h e results of these experiments show that there is an apparent increase in fat utilization in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats.Furthermore, measurements of triglyceride concentration and the enhanced response to isoproterenol stimulation in the muscles from these animals suggests that they may have an increased capacity for mobilization of intracellular lipids.Finally, in the diabetic state, both the soleus and diaphragm appear to demonstrate an increased response to the antilipolytic effect of insulin as measured by the decreased amount of fatty acid released into the incubation medium, the percent change also being significant for the soleus muscle.--

Mobilization

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)40589-9

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Citations (52)

Chemical and structural observations on the endocrine pancreas in mice with experimental diabetes. Abstr.

Camillo A. Benzo Susan B. Stearns

Source

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Citations (0)

HBO for Necrotizing Fasciitis

AJN American Journal of Nursing (1997)

Karen L. Citta Susan B. Stearns

10.2307/3465449

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Citations (0)