A new plate culture system, designated as GM plate, for isolation and enumeration of bacteria decomposing organic substance in water has been developed. The GM plate was constructed as follows : a glass-fiber filter was placed in a petri dish and soaked with liquid medium containing 2.0g organic substance as carbon source (acetate, glucose, saccharose, raffinose, triacetin, dextrin, veratric acid, glycolate, starch, pectic acid, alginate or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), 1.53g KNO3, 1.6g K2HPO4, 0.2g KH2PO4, 0.1g NaCl, 0.2g MgSO4·7H2O, 0.02g CaCl2·2H2O, 1.0mg FeSO4·7H2O, 1.0mg ZnSO4·7H2O and 1.0mg MnSO4·4-6H2O per litre, and a membrane filter was attached on the surface of glass-fiber filter. Sample solution was spread over the surface of the membrane filter of GM plate using spiral plating method. Seven days after incubation of the GM plate at 25°C, the colonies on the plate were counted by direct visual inspection. The method was simple in the operation, and released amounts of total organic carbon from the GM plate to the liquid phase were only 5% of that from agar plate.Although the pollution due to organic substances among water samples from three rivers investigated could not be distinguished by conventional agar plate method (total bacteria at 25 and 35°C and number of coliform groups, fungi and yeast) and physicochemical analysis (atmospheric and water temperature, pH, suspended solid, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus), significant differences in bacterial numbers and distributions were seen among three water samples by GM plate method. It seemed that quantity and quality of organic substances in the river influence the bacterial numbers and strains decomposing organic substances.These results indicated that the GM plate method is sensitive and useful for evaluating organic pollution in river water.
Peripherally located aneurysms of the posterior circulation are extremely rare. The outcome of patients with peripherally located aneurysms has been poor, and the treatment of such aneurysms has been surgically challenging. We report a consecutive series of peripherally located ruptured aneurysms in the posterior circulation, and discuss in this article the optimal treatment strategy for such lesions. Clinical presentation, neuroradiological findings, treatment method, and the outcome were reviewed retrospectively. Two cases with distal posterior cerebral artery aneurysm, two with distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm, two with anterior inferior cerebellar aneurysm, and one with superior cerebellar artery aneurysm were included in this study (mean age, 59.3 +/- 16.0, M:F = 1:6). Three patients with good neurological status on admission who underwent clipping of the aneurysmal neck via craniotomy showed a favorable outcome. In contrast, four patients with poor neurological status on admission who underwent endovascular proximal occlusion of the parent artery showed an unfavorable outcome. Although the outcome of patients who underwent endovascular surgery was poor, endovascular proximal occlusion was effective in preventing re-rupture of the aneurysms. Proximal occlusion of the parent artery has several shortcomings such as cerebral infarction, but proximal occlusion at the very distal area of the parent arteries would not be critical because of good collateral circulation. Thus, endovascular proximal occlusion may provide us another option in the treatment of peripherally located aneurysms especially in patients with poor neurological status. Further data is needed to discover the optimal treatment for patients with peripherally located cerebral aneurysms.
A new 25MW class gas turbine H-25 has been developed to meet both 50 Hz and 60 Hz power generation needs with high reliability and efficient performance utilizing advanced high temperature gas turbine technologies. Because of its superior performance, over 32% in simple cycle efficiency, the H-25 gas turbine enables significant reduction of fuel consumption compared with previous 25MH class turbines. The H-25 also achieves higher thermal efficiency in a combined cycle power plant and a cogeneration plant with a waste heat recovery boiler. The first unit entered commercial operation at the end of November 1988 after full load factory test instrumented with more than 800 pieces of instrumentation. This paper describes the design features and the latest technological refinements in each component of the H-25 gas turbine. Also presented are the component test programs and the results of full load factory test and field test on the first unit.
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