The objective of this study was to characterize exclusive costal lesions detected by 68Gallium-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen ([68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11) PET/computed tomography (CT) at initial staging or biochemical recurrence (BCR) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients, and to identify clinical and/or PET/CT criteria associated with benign and malignant lesions.
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a cancer treatment that combines radiation therapy with tumor-directed monoclonal antibodies (Abs). Although RIT had been introduced for the treatment of CD20 positive non-Hodgkin lymphoma decades ago, it never found a broad clinical application. In recent years, researchers have developed theranostic agents based on Ab fragments or small Ab mimetics such as peptides, affibodies or single-chain Abs with improved tumor-targeting capacities. Theranostics combine diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities into a single pharmaceutical agent; this dual application can be easily achieved after conjugation to radionuclides. The past decade has seen a trend to increased specificity, fastened pharmacokinetics, and personalized medicine. In this review, we discuss the different strategies introduced for the noninvasive detection and treatment of hematological malignancies by radiopharmaceuticals. We also discuss the future applications of these radiotheranostic agents.
We present the case of an acute endocarditis of mitral and aortic prosthetic heart valves caused by Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (Haemophilus aphrophilus-paraphrophilus). This third report in the literature emphasizes the diagnostic work-up and the role of positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography in this setting. The specificities of endocarditis due to the HACEK group (Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens and Kingella spp.) and the specific microbiological data and therapeutic options pertinent to this germ are discussed.Nous rapportons la troisième observation clinique de la littérature d’une endocardite sur prothèses mécaniques mitrale et aortique due à l’Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (Haemophilus aphrophilus-paraphrophilus). Le pathogène récemment rebaptisé Aggregatibacter aphrophilus fait partie du groupe HACEK (Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens and Kingella spp.) impliqué dans des endocardites valvulaires de diagnostic difficile. Cette histoire clinique est l’occasion d’une revue de la littérature et des spécificités de ce pathogène. Elle met en exergue la contribution de la tomographie à émission de positons combinée à une tomodensitométrie dans le diagnostic et le suivi. Elle démontre, avec un recul de plus de deux ans, l’efficacité du traitement médical dans certaines endocardites sur prothèse.
This study aimed to correlate 18F-FB-mini-PEG-E[c(RGDyK)](2) (18F-FPRGD2) uptake to integrin αvβ3 expression and angiogenesis in renal tumors. Methods:18F-FPRGD2 PET/CT was performed on 27 patients before surgical resection (median 4 d) of a renal mass. The 18F-FPRGD2 uptake was compared with integrin αvβ3, CD31, CD105, and Ki-67 using immunohistochemistry; with placental growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; and with vascular endothelial growth factor A isoforms using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Overall, 18F-FPRGD2 uptake significantly correlated (P < 0.0001) with integrin αvβ3 expression in renal masses. However, it correlated only with integrin αvβ3-positive vessels in the group of papillary carcinomas whereas it correlated with integrin αvβ3 expression by tumor cells in the clear cell carcinoma group. Conclusion:18F-FPRGD2 uptake reflects the expression of integrin αvβ3 in renal tumors but represents angiogenesis only when tumor cells do not express the integrin.
Due to the high mortality of lung cancer, there is a critical need to develop diagnostic procedures enabling early detection of the disease while at a curable stage. Targeted molecular imaging builds on the positive attributes of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to allow for a noninvasive detection and characterization of smaller lung nodules, thus increasing the chances of positive treatment outcome. In this study, we investigate the ability to characterize lung tumors that spontaneously arise in a transgenic mouse model. The tumors are first identified with small animal CT followed by characterization with the use of small animal PET with a novel 64Cu-1,4,7,10-tetra-azacylododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-knottin peptide that targets integrins upregulated during angiogenesis on the tumor associated neovasculature. The imaging results obtained with the knottin peptide are compared with standard 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET small animal imaging. Lung nodules as small as 3 mm in diameter were successfully identified in the transgenic mice by small animal CT, and both 64Cu-DOTA-knottin 2.5F and FDG were able to differentiate lung nodules from the surrounding tissues. Uptake and retention of the 64Cu-DOTA-knottin 2.5F tracer in the lung tumors combined with a low background in the thorax resulted in a statistically higher tumor to background (normal lung) ratio compared with FDG (6.01±0.61 versus 4.36±0.68; P<0.05). Ex vivo biodistribution showed 64Cu-DOTA-knottin 2.5F to have a fast renal clearance combined with low nonspecific accumulation in the thorax. Collectively, these results show 64Cu-DOTA-knottin 2.5F to be a promising candidate for clinical translation for earlier detection and improved characterization of lung cancer.
