Jonimar Pereira Paiva

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro

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Bruno Alberigi

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro

Alexandre José Rodrigues Bendas

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro

Flavya Mendes-de-Almeida

Universidade Federal Fluminense

Norma Labarthe

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz

Nathália Marques de Oliveira Lemos

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro

Mário dos Santos

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro

Marcia Gonçalves Nobre de Miranda

University Center of Brasília

Daniel Carvalho Hainfellner

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro

Cristiano Chaves Pessoa da Veiga

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro

Juliana Silva do Carmo

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro

Cooperative Institutions

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro

Universidade Federal Fluminense

ORCID

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Universidade Castelo Branco

Universidade Unigranrio

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Universidade de São Paulo

Estácio (Brazil)

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Updated canine infection rates for Dirofilaria immitis in areas of Brazil previously identified as having a high incidence of heartworm-infected dogs

Parasites & Vectors (2014)

Norma Labarthe Jonimar Pereira Paiva Larissa Reifur Flavya Mendes-de-Almeida Alexandre Merlo

Canine heartworm infections were frequently diagnosed in Brazil before the new millennium. After the year 2000, the frequency of diagnosis showed a sharp decline; however, a few years later, new evidence indicated that the parasite was still present and that canine infection rates seemed to be increasing. Therefore, an updated survey of canine heartworm prevalence was conducted in several locations in south, southeast, and northeast Brazil. Dogs from 15 locations having previously reported a high prevalence of heartworm infection were included in the survey according to defined criteria, including the absence of treatment with a macrocyclic lactone for at least 1 year. Blood samples from 1531 dogs were evaluated by an in-clinic immunochromatography test kit (Witness® Heartworm, Zoetis, USA) for detection of Dirofilaria immitis antigen. At each location, epidemiologic data, including physical characteristics and clinical signs reported by owners or observed by veterinarians, were recorded on prepared forms for tabulation of results by location, clinical signs, and physical characteristics. The overall prevalence of canine heartworm infection was 23.1%, with evidence of heartworm-infected dogs detected in all 15 locations studied. There was a tendency for higher prevalence rates in environmentally protected areas, despite some locations having less-than-ideal environmental temperatures for survival of vector mosquitoes. Among physical characteristics, it was noted that dogs with predominantly white hair coats and residing in areas with a high (≥20%) prevalence of heartworm were less likely to have heartworm infection detected by a commercial heartworm antigen test kit than were dogs with other coat colors. In general, dogs older than 2 years were more frequently positive for D. immitis antigen than were younger dogs. Clinical signs of heartworm infections were rare or owners were unable to detect them, and could not be used for reliable prediction of the presence of heartworm. These results indicate that the prevalence of D. immitis has increased in these areas of Brazil over the past few years. Small animal practitioners in these areas should include routine screening tests for heartworm infections in every dog’s annual evaluation protocol and make sure to have uninfected dogs on prevention.

Dirofilariasis

Parasitology

Prevalence

10.1186/preaccept-2592972001406136

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The Use of Doxycycline in Micro- filaremic Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) Naturally Infected Dogs

Alexandre José Rodrigues Bendas Jonimar Pereira Paiva María Inés D. A. Rossi Fabiana Batalha Knackfuss

Heartworm is a mosquito-borne disease that affects different mammalian species with worldwide distribution. The agent, Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856), infects dogs from all continents and, in the Americas, the parasite has been detected in 5 of the 13 countries. The species D immitis harbors an endosymbiont intracellular bacteria of the genus Wolbachia, known to be vital for the worms. These bacteria are sensitive to tetracycline-like drugs, therefore the use of antibiotics can affect the worms. The effect of the use of doxycycline on microfilaremia of naturally infected microfilaremic dogs was studied by treating dogs with 3 cycles of doxycycline (10 mg/kg SID for 21 days) at 6-month intervals. Blood samples were collected on Days 0, 7, 21, and 111 of each cycle and microfilariae detected and counted. Thirteen dogs completed 1 cycle, 10 dogs completed 2 cycles, and 6 dogs completed all 3 cycles. Five dogs could be sampled at 7 months after the end of the third cycle. All 13 dogs were still microfilaremic while they were given doxycycline treatment. On Day 111 of the first cycle, 40% became amicrofilaremic and from then on, amicrofilaremic dogs were always detected. Overall, treatment lowered the microfilariae mean counts, which can be observed when the 3 cycles are compared. The microfilariae mean counts tended to be lower at Day 111 of each cycle, suggesting that the effect of the antibiotic on Wolbachia organisms and the consequent impact on the fitness of the worms is a slow process. The lowered microfilariae stock provided by doxycycline-treated dogs (amicrofilaremic dogs and lowered microfilariae concentrations) may have impaired heartworm transmission once the chances for the vectors to become infected were reduced.

Dirofilariasis

Microfilaria

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Prevalência da doença Valvar Degenerativa Crônica de Mitral e da bronquite crônica diagnosticadas em avaliação pré-operatória em cães (canis familiaris) atendidos no hospital veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro no período de março

Revista de Educação Continuada em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia do CRMV-SP (2013)

Wagner Ferreira dos Santos Carolina do Valle Aben Athar J. V.R Lopes I.O.M.G Dos Santos Jonimar Pereira Paiva

O risco cirurgico possibilita o conhecimento de possiveis enfermidades existentes e assintomaticas o que e imprescindivel para estabilizar clinicamente o animal, a fim de prepara-lo para o procedimento cirurgico. Os caes sao acometidos com frequencia por enfermidades no sistema cardiovascular e respiratorio, podendo nao manifestarem sintomas ate serem submetidos as intervencoes anestesicas. A doenca valvar degenerativa cronica de mitral (DVDCM) e a Bronquite cronica (BC) sao comuns em caes de meia idade a idosos sendo as racas pequenas e miniaturas as mais acometidas. Este estudo visa apresentar retrospectivamente a prevalencia da DVDCM e da BC diagnosticadas durante a avaliacao pre operatoria em caes atendidos no setor de Cardiologia do Hospital Veterinario da Universidade Fereral Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Metodo: Foram incluidos no estudo os pacientes submetidos a avaliacao de risco cirurgico, da especie canina, machos e femeas de diferentes racas a cima de 7 anos, totalizando uma populacao de 169 animais. Todas as doencas encontradas apos exame clinico e com auxilio da radiografia toracica, eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma, foram contabilizadas, analisadas e separadas em grupos de acordo com a forma em que se apresentavam nos pacientes, assim como racas e genero mais acometidos. Para o tratamento estatistico dos dados obtidos foi utilizado o calculo da prevalencia. Resultados e Discussao: A DVDCM e a alteracao de maior ocorrencia dentre as cardiopatias pesquisadas nos caes. Este estudo demonstrou que a prevalencia da DVDCM foi de 42,6%, sendo que destes, 83,3% apresentaram a doenca associada a BC e 16,7% de forma isolada. A BC e considerada uma das doencas mais comuns do trato respiratorio inferior de caes. Na atual pesquisa a mesma se mostrou presente em 70,4% dos caes atendidos, sendo que 50,4% apresentaram a BC associada com a DVDCM 49,6% apresentaram a doenca de forma isolada. Na BC, na DVDCM assim como no grupo que apresentou associacao entre elas (DVDCM+ BC) as femeas foram significativamente mais afetadas. A maioria dos caes portadores de DVDCM e BC eram da raca Poodle e sem raca definida. Conclusao: Torna-se importante a realizacao de exames pre operatorios visto que mais de 70% dos pacientes avaliados nesse estudo eram portadores de doenca cardiovascular ou respiratoria.

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Edelstahl-lamelliertes Glas-Leitschiene

C.G.P. Santana Jonimar Pereira Paiva C.J. Mucha Nayro Xavier de Alencar

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Study of the heart rate variability in dogs with brachycephalic syndrome submitted to rhinoplasty surgery

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (2020)

Mário dos Santos Filho Daniel Carvalho Hainfellner Nathália Marques de Oliveira Lemos Karen Denise da Silva Macambira Juliana Silva do Carmo

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the HRV in the brachycephalic races, before and after surgical correction of the stenosis of the nostrils, by means of prolonged electrocardiography, observing the excess of the parasympathetic stimulation regarding the occurrence of bradyarrhythmias and their clinical consequences, and possibility of improvement of the autonomic balancing after the treatment, increasing the quality and life expectancy of these patients. Sixteen dogs with nostril stenosis were included, where the analysis and progression of the HRC findings at different moments before the surgical procedure (day 0) and after the procedure were performed in two moments, 30 and 60 days. The technique of alavestibulplasty was performed and HRV analysis was recorded by means of prolonged electrocardiography. For this examination, the indexes were analyzed in the time domain. Regarding the clinical findings, there was an improvement in the evaluation of the heart and respiratory rate, as well as a reduction in parasympathetic activity, as shown in the bradyarrhythmias. Regarding the HRV indexes in the time domain, rMSSD and SDNN associated with mean heart rate findings, have brought strong indications that the reduction of parasympathetic stimulation is related to the reduction of HRV in these animals. The rMSSD is the HRV index in the domain of the time that early changed can be used as indicator of the increase of the parasympathetic activity caused by the Brachycephalic Syndrome

10.29374/10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm104920

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Evaluation of the right ventricular function in dogs with brachycephalic syndrome before and after rhinoplasty

Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine/Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária (2021)

Daniel Carvalho Hainfellner Mário dos Santos Bruno Alberigi Alexandre José Rodrigues Bendas Carolina do Valle Aben Athar

Brachycephalic dogs are usually affected by primary and secondary anatomical changes in the airways that contribute to the brachycephalic syndrome. Chronically, these changes contribute to an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and right cardiac overload (cor pulmonale). The right cardiac function in 17 dogs with brachycephalic syndrome was assessed using echocardiography before, and at 30 and 60 days after rhinoplasty. The maximum pulmonary systolic flow velocity, the pressure gradient between the AP and RV (GrFP), the right ventricular systolic function (tricuspid ring systolic excursion (TAPSE), the variation of the right ventricular area (FAC), the velocity of the systolic displacement of the right ventricular myocardium (S’) by tissue Doppler) and right ventricular diastolic function (transtricuspid flow and the relationship between the E and A waves, evaluation of the E’ and A’ waves using tissue Doppler of the free wall of the right ventricle) were evaluated. The right ventricular fractional area, velocity, and pressure gradient of pulmonary arterial flow showed the best sensitivity in these analyses. The present study reinforces the concept that obstructions in the anterior airways contribute to pulmonary hypoxia. However, the correction of these obstructions proved to be beneficial in the reduction of right heart overload.

Ventricular pressure

Ventricular Function

10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002120

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Bronquite crônica canina – revisão de literatura

Medicina Veterinária (UFRPE) (2019)

Mário Santos Filho Daniel Carvalho Hainfellner Bruno Alberigi Nathália Marques Oliveira Lemos Juliana Silva do Carmo

A bronquite crônica é uma doença de alta ocorrência em cães. Sua etiologia é associada a causas alérgicas e/ou infecciosas, levando a irritação das vias aéreas, acúmulo de muco e sinais clínicos como a tosse produtiva. O diagnóstico baseia-se nos achados clínicos e radiográficos. Para descartar processo infeccioso, é indicado lavado brônquio-alveolar, com realização de citologia e cultura microbiológica. O protocolo terapêutico já estabelecido na clínica de pequenos animais, associado ao manejo complementar se tronam ferramentas imprescindíveis para resolução de casos mais complicados. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a bronquite crônica canina, baseando-se nos achados clínicos e estudo epidemiológico para o correto diagnóstico, tratamento e manejo.

10.26605/medvet-v13n3-3297

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Efficacy of semi-annual therapy of an extended-release injectable moxidectin suspension and oral doxycycline in Dirofilaria immitis naturally infected dogs

Parasites & Vectors (2020)

Bruno Alberigi Júlio Israel Fernandes Jonimar Pereira Paiva Flavya Mendes-de-Almeida Fabiana Batalha Knackfuss

Abstract Background Dirofilaria immitis is a life-threatening nematode spreading globally. Arsenical treatment is currently recommended for removal of adult worms. However, arsenical treatment is not available in some countries, and there are dogs that cannot tolerate the rapid kill of adult worms; therefore, alternative adulticide slow-kill treatments are needed. Criticisms against the use of these alternative protocols include the potential for allowing disease to progress and for the development of ML-resistant worms. Methods The efficacy of a protocol that includes semi-annual doses (i.e. every 6 months) of commercially available extended-release injectable moxidectin suspension (ProHeart ® SR-12) with 30-day oral administration of doxycycline was studied in 20 dogs with naturally occurring D. immitis infections. Each dog received treatment with ProHeart ® SR-12 (0.5 mg moxidectin/kg) by subcutaneous injection and oral doxycycline (10 mg/kg/bid × 30 days) every 6 months until two consecutive negative antigen test results were obtained. Pulmonary and cardiac evaluations were performed by radiographic and echocardiographic parameters. Physical examinations, complete blood counts, clinical chemistry profiles, microfilariae and antigen tests were performed periodically. Results At enrollment, all dogs were positive for D. immitis antigen and 18 were microfilaremic. On day 30, microfilaremia counts decreased, and all dogs became amicrofilaremic by day 150. On day 180, 11 dogs were antigen-negative, and 7 more became negative by day 360. The two remaining antigen-positive dogs converted to negative by day 540 or 810. All antigen tests performed 180 days after the first negative test were negative. There was no decline in cardiac performance of the dogs throughout the study. Overall, pulmonary clinical conditions, presence of worms by echocardiography, and enlargement of caudal and main pulmonary arteries improved after treatment. Physical examinations, complete blood count results, and clinical chemistry profiles were within normal reference values. Respiratory conditions were improved, no damage to the heart was observed, and the treatment protocol was well tolerated by the animals. Conclusions This alternative adulticide treatment was efficacious and well tolerated in naturally infected dogs. The injectable formulation provides the advantage of having veterinarians able to administer, monitor, and assess the efficacy and condition of the dog throughout the treatment and post-treatment periods.

Moxidectin

Dirofilariasis

Microfilaria

10.1186/s13071-020-04380-z

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ECOCARDIOGRAFIA OBSTÉTRICA NO DIAGNÓSTICO DE CARDIOPATIA DILATADA IDIOPATICA EM CÃO: RELATO DE CASO*

Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine/Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária (2013)

Cristiano Chaves Pessoa da Veiga Paulo Costa Bomfim Priscila Cardim de Oliveira Bruno Gonçalves de Souza Gabriela Ferreira de Oliveira

ABSTRACT. da Veiga C.C.P., Bomfim P.C., de Oliveira P.C., de Souza B.G., de Oliveira G.F., da Silveira L.L. & Paiva J.P. [Obstetrical echocardiography in the diagnosis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in dog: Case report]. Ecocardiografia obstetrica no diagnostico de cardiopatia dilatada idiopatica em cao: relato de caso. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria, 35(3):272-274, 2013. Instituto de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Seropedica, RJ 23890- 000, Brasil. E-mail: radiovet@ufrrj.br Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) is the second leading cause of heart failure in dogs. The observed change include dilation of the four heart chambers. The diagnosis of most fetal cardiac malformations can be performed by ECO fetal without difficulty. Echocardiography is the most advanced technique in the diagnosis of IDC, and the most consistent find is the dilatation of the atria and ventricles. The aim of this report is to describe the changes observed during an ultrasound assessment of gestation, where was observed dilatation of the four cardiac chambers in one fetus, when compared to other chambers of the hearts of other fetuses. There were no other changes in the echocardiographic heart of the fetus, so such evidence has been attributed to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. We concluded that it was possible to determine the idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy by echocardiography during prenatal assessment.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Fetal echocardiography

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Influence of obesity on the clinical improvement of tracheal and bronchial collapse in dogs: a case report

Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine/Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária (2020)

Nathália Marques de Oliveira Lemos Mário dos Santos Camila de Oliveira Mendes Juliana Silva do Carmo Eveliny Oliveira Eleutério

Tracheal collapse is the most common progressive affection of the anterior pathways in small animals. The most common clinical symptom is a "goose honk" cough in cases of tracheal collapse and inspiratory discomfort in cases of cervical collapse. The diagnosis is based on the history, physical examination, and imaging tests, notably chest radiography and endoscopic examination. Treatment can be clinical or surgical depending on the degree of collapse. Obesity currently affects several domestic animals and predisposes them to respiratory disorders. The overlapping adipose tissue presses on the muscles of the trachea, aggravating the collapse and influencing the lung compliance and expansion. The present report describes the clinical improvement in an obese canine with tracheal and bronchial collapse after clinical management and therapeutic ration.

10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm107620

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