Emmanuel Flahaut

Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier

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Florence Mouchet

Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement

Laury Gauthier

Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement

P Puech

Centre d’Élaboration de Matériaux et d’Études Structurales

Périne Landois

Laboratoire Charles Coulomb

Floriane Bourdiol

Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier

Stephan Roche

Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia

Isabelle Fourquaux

Université de Toulouse

Antoine Thill

Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives

Catherine Santaella

Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives

Vincent Meunier

Pennsylvania State University

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

619

Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier

257

Université de Toulouse

216

Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d’Ingénierie des Matériaux

118

Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse

115

Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives

103

Inserm

Université Grenoble Alpes

CEA Grenoble

Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Systèmes

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Electron-Beam-Induced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Springer eBooks (2012)

Mélanie Auffan Catherine Santaella Alain Thiéry Christine Paillès Jérôme Rose

Deposition

10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100216

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High Energy Density Primary Lithium Battery with Fluorinated S-Doped Graphene

C – Journal of Carbon Research (2023)

Marie Colin Hani Farhat Xianjue Chen Élodie Petit Emmanuel Flahaut

Sulphur-doped graphene was fluorinated using molecular fluorine (F2). First, the fluorination conditions were adapted in order to be mild enough to maintain S in the carbon lattice and form S-F bonds. An unusually weakened C-F bonding for an F/C ratio of 0.71 was then achieved, which allowed enhanced performances when used as a cathode in primary lithium batteries. The material prepared at a moderate fluorination temperature of 70 °C for a period of 60 min exhibits a high mid-discharge reduction potential of 3.11 V at 10 mA/g and a power density of 3605 W/kg at a discharge rate of 2C. These electrochemical properties make the fluorine/sulfur co-doped graphene a promising material.

Fluorine

Carbon fibers

Power density

Energy density

10.3390/c10010003

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Protecting Carbon Nanotubes from Oxidation for Selective Carbon Impurity Elimination

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2019)

Nawal Berrada Alexandre Desforges C. Bellouard Emmanuel Flahaut Jérôme Gleize

Purity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is essential to avoid a dramatic decrease in their performances. In addition to metallic impurities, carbonaceous impurities have been shown to be responsible for pronounced effects. However, they are highly difficult to be selectively removed from CNT samples because of the similar chemical reactivity of these two kinds of carbon species. The existing purification methods often lead to high CNT consumption (>90 wt %). The proposed method consists of a one-pot gas-phase treatment combining chlorine and oxygen. The CNT powder maintained in a chlorine stream is submitted to oxygen at moderate temperature [350 and 500 °C for single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and double-walled CNTs (DWCNTs), respectively], and the thermal treatment is then pursued at 900–1000 °C under chlorine alone. Our work reveals that this approach is able to significantly improve the selectivity of elimination of carbonaceous impurities. Thanks to the proposed purification treatment, only 19 and 11 wt % of carbon species (mainly carbon impurities) are lost for DWCNTs and SWCNTs, respectively. The mechanism proposed involves a protective effect by grafting of chlorine favored to the CNT walls. Because our simple one-pot purification method is also versatile and scalable, it opens new perspectives for CNT applications in high-added value fields.

Carbon fibers

10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12554

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Citations (16)

Écotoxicité des nanotubesde carbone dans l’environnement :contexte et état de l’art

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2009)

Florence Mouchet Périne Landois Emmanuel Flahaut Éric Pinelli Laury Gauthier

Parmi les nombreux nanomateriaux existants, les nanotubes de carbone (NTC), dont la production mondiale annuelle atteint plusieurs centaines de tonnes, font partie d’une categorie de materiaux a part, tant leur potentiel d’application est vaste et leurs proprietes exceptionnelles. La toxicite des NTC est depuis peu etudiee en sante humaine, avec pour preuve de nombreuses publications disponibles, a ce jour, sur des etudes in vitro et indique que leur innocuite n’est pas demontree. En revanche, la bibliographie denote incroyablement par ses lacunes au niveau de leur impact potentiel sur les ecosystemes et sur les especes qui les peuplent. Or, il parait raisonnable d’envisager la dissemination des NTC dans l’environnement a chacune des etapes de leur cycle de vie (conception, production, utilisation et fin de vie de produits finis). Par consequent, il parait tout aussi raisonnable d’en etudier les risques sur la composante biologique du milieu receptacle et « concentrateur » de pollution tel que le compartiment aquatique. Dans ce contexte, cette synthese a pour objectif premier de realiser un etat de l’art des connaissances disponibles concernant les effets ecotoxiques des NTC chez divers organismes, et notamment aquatiques. Le contexte actuel souligne l’importance de ce type de synthese, qui repond a de reels besoins d’information de la societe. Cette synthese se veut motrice dans un domaine encore peu explore, celui de l’ecotoxicite des NTC chez les organismes aquatiques. Les etudes disponibles indiquent divers effets toxiques lies a l’ingestion par les organismes des NTC presents dans les milieux d’exposition.

10.1684/ers.2009.0215

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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, natural organic matter, and the benthic diatomNitzschia palea: “A sticky story”

Nanotoxicology (2014)

L. Verneuil Jérôme Silvestre Florence Mouchet Emmanuel Flahaut Jean–Charles Boutonnet

Different effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the freshwater diatom Nitzschia palea were examined. MWCNTs used in this study (MWCNT) were dispersed either by sonication without (MWCNTsonicated) or with a realistic concentration (10 mg L−1) of Natural Organic Matter (MWCNT+NOM). A pocket-size device was designed to distinguish shading effect (using MWCNT suspensions as external filters) from total exposure effect of MWCNTsonicated and MWCNT+NOM on benthic algae. This study demonstrates that cell division was strongly inhibited after a 48 h exposure to MWCNT+NOM compared to MWCNTsonicated. This device did not yield a quantifiable contribution of shading to growth inhibition of MWCNTsonicated and below 10 mg L−1 of MWCNT+NOM. In all cases, neither lethal effects nor drops in photosynthetic quantum yield were observed. After a 6-d exposure, a complete growth recovery was observed for all conditions except at the highest concentration of MWCNT+NOM. Different microscopic approaches using carbohydrates markers revealed the strong affinity between MWCNT and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by N. palea. These seem to constitute a defensive mechanism against MWCNT.

Sonication

10.3109/17435390.2014.918202

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Citations (49)

Impact of the surface roughness on the electrical capacitance

Microelectronics Journal (2005)

A. Albina Pierre‐Louis Taberna Jean-Pascal Cambronne Patrice Simon Emmanuel Flahaut

A new hybrid approach consists to use the advantages of both systems namely the high geometric aspects of the electrodes of the ultracapacitor and the high dielectric strength of polymer materials used in dielectric capacitors. The surface roughness of the electrodes of the ultracapacitor is manufactured with nano-porous materials; activated carbon and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Many compositions of both carbonaceous materials are tested with different insulating materials (liquid and solid) to constitute the hybrid capacitor. It appears that the capacitance increases with the carbonaceous composition: An increasing from 15 to 40% is observed as compared to a plane capacitor, it can be twice with a 100 wt% of CNTs content. But, the impregnation of the insulating material in the surface roughness remains the key point of the realization of the hybrid capacitor. The roughness accessibility is a major property to optimize in order to improve the impregnation of the insulating material to increase the electrical capacitance.

Carbon fibers

10.1016/j.mejo.2005.10.008

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Citations (41)

Spectroscopy of Functionalized Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Bulletin of the American Physical Society (2006)

Jonah Shaver Junichiro Kono Feng Liang W.E. Billups Robert H. Hauge

Carbon fibers

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Pressure dependence of Raman modes in double wall carbon nanotubes lled with 1D tellurium

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2010)

Edgar Belandria M. Millot Jean‐Marc Broto Emmanuel Flahaut Fernando Rodríguez

Tellurium

Carbon fibers

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RamanGandDband in strongly photoexcited carbon nanotubes

Physical Review B (2009)

P Puech Abdul Waheed Anwar Emmanuel Flahaut D. J. Dunstan A. Bassil

We observe clear differences in the spectral shift of the Raman $D$ and $G$ bands when heating double wall carbon nanotubes through intense photon irradiation and by varying the temperature in a thermostat. These spectral differences are attributed to modifications of the defect induced double-resonance Raman process, and are consistent with Stokes--anti-Stokes anomalies observed for single and double wall carbon nanotubes, not present in graphite. We find that the Raman intensity for double wall carbon nanotubes increases superlinearly in the red spectral region and sublinearly in the UV spectral region.

Intensity

Carbon fibers

10.1103/physrevb.79.085418

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Citations (8)

Bromination of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Chemistry of Materials (2012)

L. G. Bulusheva A. V. Okotrub Emmanuel Flahaut Igor Asanov П. Н. Гевко

Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) have been functionalized by bromine vapor at room temperature. At least two different bromine species were detected in the product using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermal gravimetric analysis. The primary form is negatively charged Br2 molecules exhibiting an intense resonance at ∼238 cm–1 in the Raman spectrum. The electron transfer from the nanotubes to the adsorbed molecules is detected from C 1s XPS and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectra. The optical absorption spectra reveal that although the metallic nanotubes are more reactive to Br2, the outer semiconducting nanotubes also readily interact with Br2 adsorbates. The secondary bromine form is attributed to covalent C–Br bonding, and its possible sources are discussed in the light of quantum-chemical calculations. Analysis of the XPS, Raman, and optical absorption spectra of the Br-DWCNTs annealed at 100–170 °C indicates preservation of a part of bromine molecules in samples that affects the electronic and vibration properties of nanotubes.

Carbon fibers

10.1021/cm3006309

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Citations (86)